208 PHYSICAL INVESTIGATION. [PART I. 



On the other hand, the fact of the resemblance of the Negro 

 to the ape is made use of to prove that mankind is to be di- 

 vided into different species. The Negro presents in this case 

 not merely the most striking example of a deviation of form, 

 but also a type apparently constant. Hence many, in inves- 

 tigating the pedigree of man, would have the Negro still more 

 ape-like than he really is : we must therefore be cautious not 

 to exaggerate that resemblance. That the Negro manufac- 

 tures tools, and learns from experience to subject nature to 

 his wants, that he establishes communities, that he possesses 

 an artificially constructed language, and religious ideas, is un- 

 doubted. Still it is undeniable that, if differences of species 

 are to be assumed, the Negro and the White present the most 

 striking examples. Yirey considers these two alone as speci- 

 fically different. It is, therefore, worth while to investigate 

 this question, for which purpose we shall closely examine the 

 Negro type, and the modifications which it presents. 



Keeping in view the peoples which inhabit Africa, between 

 the tropics, it has already been observed, that the proper 

 Negro type is only found in the region between Senegal and 

 Niger, and in some parts of Senaar, Kordofan, and Darfur. 

 In the first place, the whole large family of the South African 

 peoples, reaching from the equator to the Hottentots, do not 

 present that type in its purity, though Prichard justly observes, 

 that the gradual transition which we find in bodily form from 

 the proper Kaffirs on the north-east boundary of the Cape 

 Colony, to the natives of Mozambique, and from these again 

 to the natives farther north, compels us to consider these 

 peoples as of the same stock as the Negroes. The proper 

 Kaffirs possess more arched and European-shaped skulls, and 

 less projecting lower jaws than the Negroes ; the hair is short, 

 coarse, bushy, less woolly than in the Negro, the cheek-bones 

 are more arched outwards ;* the lips full, not like the Negroes ; 3 

 the nose but little flattened, sometimes arched ; the colour 

 varying from light brown to black ; hence Barrow 3 says that, 



1 Le VaiUant, " Erste R.," p. 356, 1799. 



2 Kay, " Travels in Kaffraria," p. 110, 1833. 



3 Vol. i, p. 203. 



