SECT. IV.] DEVIATION FROM TYPE. 217 



" that it is impossible that one race-character should pass into 

 another without intermixture." Another explanation in favour 

 of the specific difference of races has been attempted by 

 Giebel. 1 He asserts that Negro resemblances, or other devia- 

 tions from the Caucasian form which now and then present them- 

 selves in Europeans, are so superficial that they do not much 

 affect the Caucasian type. He, however, refutes himself 2 by 

 declaring in another passage, that such analogies of form, 

 wherever they do occur, affect all the proportions of the body. 



Other individual deviations from the original type have been 

 mentioned by Liiken 3 and Weerth 4 . They refer to the inha- 

 bitants of Carinthia and Styria ; the Chinese and South Sea 

 islanders, who in many instances approach the European forms, 

 whilst Chinese physiognomies are said to be frequently met with 

 in Poland (Schadow, Polyklet) ; the Tartars, who by their pro- 

 jecting lower jaws, pointed chin, and long teeth, differ con- 

 siderably from the Mongol type, which is also the case with 

 Kalmucks. Among the latter, Pallas observed fine figures, and 

 individuals with fair hair. Even among theTunguses,who repre- 

 sent so decidedly the Mongol type, there are found some indivi- 

 duals with a European physiognomy, light blue eyes, straight or 

 curved nose, brown hair, and strong beard. 5 Seemann 6 met with 

 an Esquimaux, of the tribe of Hotham Bay, remarkably Negro- 

 like, and another who had a strikingly hooked Jewish nose. 

 The Slavonians present a very remarkable example of great 

 differences among allied nations. They are dark in the 

 south-east of their districts ; the Poles present a different 

 aspect ; the Eussian peasants have often light brown or 

 red hair so that these peoples differ externally from each 

 other more than from some other Indo-Germanic nations. 



Deviations in colour, eyes, hair, are particularly numerous. 

 Some of these deviations have been considered as the result of 

 disease. Not wishing to repeat the facts already mentioned, 



1 " Tagesfr. a. d. natgesch.," p. 55, 1857. 



2 Page 105. 



3 " D. Einheit des Menschengeschl.," p. 15, 1845. 



4 " D. Entw. der Mensehenrassen," p. 17, 1842. 



5 Prichard, iv, p. 410. 



6 " Eeise urn d. Welt," ii, p. 53, 1853. 



