SECT. IV.] TYPE UNCHANGED. 223 



these forms have always existed; whilst de Salles, following 

 Lepsius, maintains that skulls of an earlier period than the fifth 

 and sixth centuries B.C. no longer exist in Egypt, and well 

 observes that the present Fellahs ought not to present the old 

 Egyptian type, if types be permanent, as in Egypt so many in- 

 termixtures had taken place : the former 1 endeavouring to prove, 

 that the Nubians had already inhabited their present localities 

 3,500 years ago, as shown by pictures representing the out- 

 lines of the face, and beards. Cranial measurements are not 

 mentioned, but every one knows what a difference in external 

 aspect is produced by a different head-dress in the same indi- 

 viduals, as may be seen in the pictures of the inhabitants of 

 Tierra del Fuego in the work of King and Fitzroy. 2 



All that can legitimately be inferred from the old Egyptian 

 monuments, amounts to this that the most striking race-cha- 

 racters have essentially, and for a long period, persisted as we 

 see them at present, and that under the same conditions they 

 remain unaltered. Even the believer in the agency of ex- 

 ternal influences, would be surprised, if in Africa where Ne- 

 groes existed in remote times, there were no skulls found 

 resembling the skulls of living Negroes ; and there is hardly a 

 thinking man who would assert that 3-4000 years ago the civi- 

 lized nations of antiquity and the Negroes who were always 

 treated by them as slaves, did not then possess the cranial type 

 which they now exhibit. 



In order to prove the permanence of type, and the importance 

 of climate, the Jews have been instanced, whose national physi- 

 ognomy is depicted upon the ancient monuments of Egypt. 

 Even in Malabar, where it was formerly believed that in the 

 course of time they had assumed the type of the Hindoos, they 

 have, according to Buchanan and other travellers, remained 

 essentially unchanged, for only the so-called white Jews in that 

 region are of pure blood, whilst the black Jews are Hindoos or 

 Hindoo-mongrels. 3 In order properly to appreciate this fact we 

 must bear in mind that by this people religion and habits have 



1 " L'Institut./' ii, p. 40, 1846. 



2 " Narrative of the voyage of the Adventure and Beagle." 



3 Nott and Gliddon, p. 118. 



