SECT. IV.] CONSTANCY OP TYPE. 227 



perfect constancy of the cranial form, felt justified in inferring 

 from it affinities of races. Lesson 1 declares not only the Ma- 

 lays as a mixed people of Hindoos and Mongols, the Micro- 

 nesians as Mongols, who had arrived later in the South Sea 

 than the Polynesians ; but the latter as manifestly the descend- 

 ants of Hindoos, and the Austral-Negroes and Papuas, as the 

 progeny of African Negroes. Junghuhn 2 considers, judging 

 from the skull, the Balinese as genuine Battas, with which the 

 Alfurus of the East Indian Archipelago as well as the Bugis 

 and Macassars are allied, whilst he believes that the Malays 

 are not related to them, but form a separate race. Pickering 3 

 groups together the Malays, Siamese, Burmese, Cochin Chinese, 

 and Japanese, and does not hesitate to include also in that 

 group Californians, Mexicans, Creeks, and Cherokees. Ketzius 4 

 believes, on account of the resemblance of the cranial forma- 

 tion, in the affinity of Turanian, Scythian, and Sarmatian 

 families with the Pelasgi ; whilst, on the same ground, he is 

 inclined to consider the Finnish- speaking Kareles, as allied to 

 the Arabs. Though Hartmann 5 has endeavoured to render it 

 probable that the Kareles are not Finns, but a foreign people 

 who had formerly lived on the Ladoga lake, it is quite certain 

 they are not Arabs. D'Omalius d'Halloy 6 groups the Lapps with 

 the Samoiedes on account of their cranial shape. W. F. Edwards 7 

 declares the Magyars to be partly Slavonians and partly Huns. 

 Nothing can more plainly prove that the corporeal and cranial 

 type may be the same in peoples of different stocks, and may 

 differ so much in peoples of the same stock, than the fact, that a 

 skilful observer is unable to recognize to which the individuals 

 belong. Certainly, those who believe in the absolute perma- 

 nence of types judge differently. They consequently exhibit a 

 singular acuteness in the detection of mixed types. Thus 



1 " Voy. Med./' pp. 157, 163, 185. 



2 " Die Battalander," p. 282, 1847. 



3 Pages 105, 134. 



4 Miiller, "Archiv," p. 392, 1848. 



5 Abh. der K. G. der Wiss. v. Stockholm," 1847. 



6 " L'Institut.," ii, p. 5, 1840. 



7 "Des caract. phys. des races hum., 1829," in "Mem. de la Soc. Ethnol.," 

 i, p. 71. 



Q2 



