SECT. V.] LANGUAGES. 247 



ing to Crawfurd, no less than forty different languages; the 

 number is also said to be very considerable in Ende and Flores, 

 ell as in the interior of Borneo ; and even upon the small 

 islands of the South Sea, inhabited by blacks, four or five dif- 

 ferent languages are not unfrequent. In every part of the world 

 there is a large number of different languages met with, in 

 regions which may be supposed to have been the passage-roads 

 during the migrations of peoples. Either upon these roads, 

 or at a moderate distance from them, smaller or larger masses 

 seem to have halted, and permanently settled. 



It yet remains for us to say a few words with regard to the 

 relation of the physical and the linguistic proofs of division in 

 Anthropology. Where both agree as to the affinity of races, 

 there can be no difficulty; this, however, is not often the 

 case. If the points of view are different, two cases may 

 occur: either anatomy or philology is in favour of affinity. 

 The first case can scarcely surprise us, when within each 

 of the great natural divisions of mankind, we find languages 

 of a radically different type (for instance, among the Chinese 

 and Mongols, Germans and Basques) ; for we must bear in 

 mind that the above division includes nations, the physical differ- 

 ences of which are still sufficiently great to render the assump- 

 tion of their having originally sprung from the same stock not 

 absolutely demonstrable ; whilst, on the other hand, though ori- 

 ginally from the same stock, an early and complete separation 

 is the only assumable ground for a radical difference of lan- 

 guage. If this conflict between anatomy and philology is, in 

 such a case, merely apparent, it becomes real and unsolvable, 

 when languages, clearly ascertained to be related, are found 

 among peoples whose physical characters are widely distinct, 

 unless such phenomena can be explained by intermixture, or 

 an exchange of language, or both together. 



Cases' of the latter kind cannot be decided by general rules ; 

 and for such, a careful investigation of the particular conditions 

 is requisite. It may, however, be assumed, that language 

 generally affords a safer guide than the physical character of 

 a people, for the following reasons. In the first place, the 

 typical peculiarities of languages appear to be proportionally 



