250 PHYSICAL INVESTIGATION. [PART I. 



remnants of several tribes, Mohicans, Narragansetts, Pequos, 

 Nanticockes, etc., who had no language in common j 1 many 

 Germans in the United States have done the same. The 

 Spaniards in the mining districts of Peru exchange their native 

 language for the Quichua, 2 especially in Cuenca, and other parts 

 of Ecuador. 3 Among the inhabitants of Zamboanga, in Min- 

 dano, the number of which does not exceed 7,000, a corrupt 

 Spanish has established itself, consisting of Spanish and native 

 words mixed up in various combinations by different individuals. 4 

 Nor can such instances be adduced against language as indi- 

 cative of race, in which a population, consisting of heteroge- 

 neous elements, finally adopt the language of the dominating 

 caste, as happened with the Negroes at Haiti, who adopted the 

 French. Negroes of various African nationalities, brought as 

 slaves into America, everywhere speak the languages of their 

 masters, though in a mutilated manner. In Brazil they speak 

 Portuguese f in the Mauritius (He de France), French. 6 In the 

 English West Indies they speak the well-known Negro-English; 

 there is also found the Negro-Portuguese, or so-called Jew- 

 language, in Surinam. 7 In the Danish colonies, a language 

 prevails consisting of words chiefly Low- German, with the 

 omission of all inflexions. 8 In a similar condition, as regards 

 language, is the present population of the Marian islands, or 

 rather of Guaham, for the other islands are now deserted. It 

 consists of a mixture of the original natives (who, under 

 the oppression of Quiroga, are said to have diminished to 

 2,000), some immigrants from the Carolines, imported natives 

 from the Philippines, and also Mexicans. 9 According to 



1 Schoolcraft, " History of the Indian tribes," v, p. 506, note 2. 



2 Pickering, " The Eaces of Man," p. 277, 1849. 



3 Seeman, i, p. 209. 



4 Trad. Lay in " The Claims of Japan and Malaisia upon Christendom," 

 ii, p. 113, New York, 1839. 



5 Koster, Eeise in Brasil," p. 574, 1817. 



6 Example of a narration in one of the dialects of Negro-French may be 

 found in Freycinet, " Voyage autour du monde," i, p. 407, 1827. 



7 " Zeitschrift d. Deutsch. Morgenl. Ges.," xi, p. 324. 



8 Oldendorp, " Gesch. d. Miss, auf St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. Jan., 

 p. 424, 1777; and Wullschlagel, "Gramm. und Worterb. des Neger-En- 

 glischen." 



9 Chamisso, Bemerk. in " Ansichten auf einer Entdeckungsreise," p. 78, 

 1821; Kotzebue, "Entdeckungsreise," ii, p. 129, 1821; De Pages, "Eeise 

 urn d. Welt," p. 143, 1786. 



