262 PSYCHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION. [PAET II 



ture have remained unaltered?" On consulting history, we 

 may easily find other examples showing the overthrow of 

 nations who were once highly civilized, possessed of beautifully 

 formed crania, by peoples of inferior mental capacity, and less 

 developed skulls. Notwithstanding the incontestable supe- 

 riority of the white man above the other races, the Turks and 

 the Magyars have entered Europe, obtained great conquests, 

 and become permanently settled. The larger cranial capacity 

 of the white race could not prevent it. 



Turning to Parchappe's measurements, 1 we find the races stand 

 in the following order, according to the volume of the head : 

 Caucasians, Negroes, Mongols, Americans, and Malays. The 

 first is distinguished by the greatest length of the head, and 

 the greatest development of the forehead and occiput ; in the 

 Negro, the length is the same ; it is less in the Mongol and 

 the American, and considerably less in the Malay. Lawrence, 

 on the other hand, places the Malay, with regard to cranial 

 capacity, between the European and the Negro, and the Ame- 

 rican between the European and the Mongol. 



In the tables of Tiedemann, 2 the mean capacity of the 

 skull is : 



Cases. Ounces. 



For the European - 135 - 40f 



American - 31 - 40 



Mongol - 43 - 39f 



Malay - - 77 - 38^ 



Adult Negro - - 48 - 37^ 



Asiatics and Africans of the white race 39 - 37f- 



It is singular enough that these mean values, derived from 

 Tiedemann's data, are opposed to the axiom which he has 

 deduced from them, namely, that the brain of the Negro 

 is not smaller than that of the European; just as Morton's 

 measurements are in opposition to the results which he 

 infers from them. Morton says, 3 that the mean cranial 

 capacity in the European amounted to 87 cubic inches; 



1 " B-echerches sur 1'encephale." 



2 " D. Him des Negers/' 1837. 



3 " Crania Americana," p. 260. 



