INTE.] CRANIAL CAPACITY. 263 



in the Mongol, 83 ; Malay, 81 ; American, 80 ; Negro, 78 ; 

 but at a later period, 1 after further measurements, Morton 

 changed the order, 2 so that the Malay comes immediately after 

 the Caucasian, with 85, the Negro with 83, the Mongol with 

 82, and the American with 79, cubic inches of brain ; and ac- 

 cordingly the American race (which is confirmed by Meigs, in 

 Nott and Gliddon 3 ), is, in this respect, the least favoured. He 

 is thus frequently in conflict with his own assertions, that cra- 

 nial capacity corresponds with mental endowment. The old 

 Peruvians and Mexicans, the only American nations which had 

 arrived at a high degree of cultivation, possessed a cranial 

 capacity of 76 and 79 cubic inches. 4 Nott and Gliddon 5 give 

 to this so-called ' f Toltecan family," 6 on the average only 

 76 '8 cubic inches. An old, half-civilized people in Peru had 

 only 73, and the higher ranks of the old Peruvians 75, cub. in.; 7 

 that is to say, as much as the Hottentots and the Alfurus, the 

 result of 155 measurements, whilst Morton gives to the bar- 

 barous nomadic nations of America, as the mean results of 

 161 measurements, 84 cub. in. ; 8 to the Creeks, Iroquois, and 

 Esquimaux, 87 and 88 cub. in. ; i. e. } as much as to Europeans, 

 but much less to the more gifted Cherokees \ to the Hindoo 75, 

 and to the Negro 78 cub. in. 9 In order to sustain his axiom, 

 he adds, as a good phrenologist, that the barbarous Indian 

 tribes, by defending their liberty, have proved themselves to be 

 better endowed than the slavish Peruvians and Mexicans ; and 

 Philipps, 10 as well as Nott and Gliddon, skilfully evade the 

 question by the assertion, that in barbarous nations the lower 



1 Silliman'a " Am, Journ. of Science," 2nd series, ix, p. 247. 



2 Nott and Gliddon, " Types of Mankind," p. 450. 



3 " Indigenous races, of the Earth," 1857. 



4 "Crania Americana," p. 261. 



5 "Types of mankind," p. 446. 



6 Morton frequently speaks of Toltecan skulls he had before him. It must 

 be mentioned that he designates by " Toltecans," very inappropriately, we 

 think, all the ancient South and North American cultivated nations indis- 

 criminately. 



7 Schoolcraft, " History of the Indian Tribes," iii, p. 239. 



* Nott and Gliddon, 82-4 cub. in. In opposition to Morton, Warren main- 

 tains that, from the measurements of the crania in his collection, the old 

 civilized nations of America were distinguished from the barbarous by larger 

 foreheads and superior cranial shape (Prescott, " History of the Conquest of 

 Mexico," 2nd edit., 1844.) 

 9 " Crania Americana," pp. 173, 195, 247. 

 10 In Schoolcraft, iii, p. 331. 



