372 APPENDIX C. 



subject was doubtless the record of the voyage of Hanno, set 

 up in the temple of Saturn at Carthage. This is known to us 

 only by the version, rendered by an unknown hand into Greek, 

 which, with all the accumulated errors of the translator and the 

 subsequent transcribers, has reached us under the title of the 

 Periplus of Hanno. From this record the particulars to be 

 gleaned regarding this part of Africa are scanty and of an 

 uncertain character. Commentators have, with much proba- 

 bility, identified the Solois promontory of Hanno [AiftuKoi' 

 anpiDTiipuiv Xamnv Sii'dpEcn) with Cape Cantin. But what are 

 we to make of the next statement that, having passed the cape, 

 they sailed for half a day east, or south-east (?rpoj ijXior in i- 

 n~)(<ivTa), before reaching the great marshy lake, ' where elephants 

 and other wild beasts aboiinded ' ? True it is that sovith of Cape 

 Cantin there are two slight indentations, mere coves, where the 

 land for a short distance trends to the south-east ; but the 

 general direction for a mariner along this part of the coast 

 is SSW., as far as Mogador. Agreeing with the commentators 

 that the ' great marshy lake ' was probably near the mouth of 

 the Oued Tensift, we are led to believe that Hanno disembarked 

 settlers at no less than five stations on the coast of what is now 

 the province of Haha. If we may rely on the correctness of 

 the Greek text we must infer that these were settlements 

 established by the Carthaginians before the date of Hanno's 

 expedition.' The next place reached by Hanno was ' the great 

 river Lixus, flowing from Libya, about which dwelt a nomadic 

 people,' who are called in the text LixitiB (A(£(Va(). It is 

 further stated that the river is said to flow from great mountains 

 in the neighbourhood, around which dwell the Troglodytes, re- 

 ferred to in our text, p. 301. The only assertion that can be con- 

 fidently made about the Lixus of Hanno is, that it was quite a 

 diflTerent stream from that afterwards known to the Romans by 

 the same name, the latter being the modern Oued el Kotis, 

 falling into the sea at El Araisch, and which Pliny makes fifty- 

 seven Roman miles from Tangier. The learned commentator, 

 C. Mliller, identifies the Lixus of the Periplus with the Draha ; 



' The phrase used is xaTifKla-aniv niAeis irphs rij Sa\6.TTXi KaXoujue'cas 

 Kapix^v T6 Tirrriv fcal ''AKpav Kol MeAiTTac koI '^Apafx^vv. When the 

 author speaks of Thymiaterium, founded by Hanno in this expedition, 

 he says, iKrlffa^ev Trpti>r'f)v ■n6Xiv, 



