384 APPENDIX C. 



easy journey of three days, and describes the track as leading 

 beneath and along tremendous precipices. 



Frequent reference is made in the text to Jackson's ' Ac- 

 count of the Empire of Marocco,' of which the first edition 

 appeared in 1809, and the third in 1814. This is undoubtedly 

 the fullest and most correct modern work on Southern Marocco. 

 Jackson spent sixteen years in the country, chiefly at Mogador 

 and Agadir; he acquired the familiar use of the Moorish 

 Arabic, and seems to have obtained merited influence among 

 the natives. Either because he had but little taste for explora- 

 tion, or because he found the difliculties too serious, Jackson 

 has added little to our knowledge of the geography of the 

 country. His map, though it contains some corrections, is on 

 the whole inferior to that of Oh^nier, published a century 

 earlier. 



A definite contribution to the slight existing amount of 

 positive knowledge was made by the late Admiral Washington, 

 then a lieutenant in the navy, who accompanied the late Sir J. 

 Drummond Hay on his mission to the city of Marocco in the 

 winter of 1829-1830. His paper, published in the first volume 

 of the ' Journal of the Royal Geographical Society,' is frequently 

 referred to in our text ; and in the accompanying map the posi- 

 tions of several points in the interior of the country were 

 accurately laid down from astronomical observation. 



A most important step towards extending our knowledge of 

 the entire empire of Marocco was made in 1848, when the 

 French War Department published the map compiled by Cap- 

 tain Beaudouin. Whatever errors it may contain — and these 

 were unavoidably numerous — this must be regarded as a monu- 

 ment of intelligence and industry. Recognising the fact that 

 the greater part of the territory is likely long to remain inac- 

 cessible to Europeans, the author applied himself to obtaining 

 information from natives who were personally acquainted with 

 various portions of the country. Hundreds of such informants, 

 as we were assured, were separately examined by Captain Beau- 

 douin ; the information supplied by each was laid down on a 

 skeleton map ; and by the careful comparison of the separate 

 materials the general map was compiled. 



Without noticing minor errors, which are, of course, inevit- 

 able in such a work, the most serious objection to be made to 



