GEOLOGY OF MAROCCO AND GREAT ATLAS. 447 



quainted are some notes on the geological features of the district 

 between Tangier and Marocco in Lieut. "Washington's ' Geo- 

 graphical Notice of the Empire of Marocco,' published in the first 

 volume of the ' Journal of the Royal Geogi-aphical Society ; ' a few 

 cursory remarks on the Marocco Plain by Dr. Hodgkin, in his 

 account of Sir Moses Montefiore's ' Mission to Morocco in 1864 ; ' 

 a short paper, by Mr. G. B. Stacey, on the subsidence of the 

 coast near Benghazi, published in the twenty-third volume of 

 the ' Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society ; ' a report by 

 M. Mourlon on some rocks and fossils in the Museum of 

 Brussels, collected in the north-west of Marocco by M. Desquin, 

 a Belgian engineer, published in Vol. XXX. of the ' Bulletin de 

 I'Acad^mie Eoyale de Belgique,' for 1870, to which I shall have 

 further occasion to refer ; a geological memoir, by M. Coquand 

 (' Bull, de la Soc. G6olog. de France,' vol. iv. p. 1188), on the 

 environs of Tangier and northern part of Marocco ; and finally, 

 a paper I read before the Geological Society of London in 1872. 



Barbary, with the exception of the immediate neighbourhood 

 of a few of the ports, has been almost inaccessible to Euro- 

 peans ; and the extreme jealousy of the Moorish Government 

 with reference to the mineral riches of the country has hitherto 

 prevented any geological investigation. In the year 1869 I 

 visited the northern portion of Marocco, including the Tangier 

 and Tetuan promontory, and during the spring of 1871 accom- 

 panied Dr. Hooker and Mr. Ball to Mogador, the city of 

 Marocco and the Great Atlas, permission for our visit having 

 been obtained from the late Sultan through representations 

 made to the Moorish Government by Lord Granville through 

 Sir John D. Hay, our Minister Plenipotentiary at Tangier. 



The object of the second journey was mainly botanical ; and 

 as an engagement was given by Dr. Hooker that we should not 

 coUect minerals, the opportunities for geological investigation 

 were very limited. 



The observations I was able to make on the structure of the 

 great chain, which had not been previously ascended by a 

 European, and of the plain of Marocco, are embodied in the 

 accompanying section. Stopping for about a fortnight at 

 Tangier, we made several excursions in the neighbourhood. 

 The western part of the northern promontory of Marocco, 

 facing the Straits of Gibraltar, consists of highly-contorted beds 



