450 APPENDIX H. 



sea-level. It seems probable that this elevation of coast-line 

 was coincident with a similar rise, implied by the existence of 

 concrete sand-cliffs, all along the Spanish and Portuguese coasts, 

 viz. on the eastern face of Gibraltar, where stratified raised 

 beaches are seen cropping up at a considerable height from 

 under the great mass of drift-sand in Catalan Bay ; at Cadiz, 

 as low cliffs 40 to 60 feet high, forming a hard coarse freestone 

 of which the city is built ; and also at the Rock of Lisbon, 

 where, at a height of from 150 to 180 feet, isolated fragments of 

 stratified concrete sandstone are seen clinging to the sea-escarp- 

 ment of the older rocks. 



The great range of latitude included in this simultaneous 

 coast-rise suggests the probability that the elevation of similar 

 coast-beds in Devon and Cornwall may pertain to the same 

 movement. 



Judging from the evidence afforded by the coast near 

 Mogador, a subsequent submergence appears to be taking place. 

 The island is probably diminishing in bulk ; and, from observa- 

 tions made by M. Beaumier, the French Consul, it appears to 

 have been reduced about one-fourth in area in twenty years ; 

 but whether from denudation or subsidence is not clear. The 

 sea is, however, sensibly enci'oaching, as an old Portugiiese fort 

 and some Moorish buildings are now environed with sand and 

 salt-marsh close to the sea, in a position where they would not 

 have been built. This submergence of the coast at Mogador 

 may perhaps be contemporaneous with the subsidence at Ben- 

 ghazi, Barbary, described by Mr. G. B. Stacey in the twenty- 

 third volume of the ' Quarterly Journal of the Geological 

 Society.' The general absence of cliffs characterises nearly the 

 whole of the Barbary coast. A few low cliffs occur at scat- 

 tered intervals west of Tangier'; but from Cape Sjjartel to 

 Cape Cantin a low monotonous coast shelves under the waters 

 of the Atlantic, and not a cliff is to be seen, save an occasional 

 raised beach. After rounding Cape Cantin the coast trends 

 nearly north and south ; and here the first good coast-section 

 presents itself as a vertical cliff nearly 200 feet high (fig. 1), 

 consisting of nearly level stratified alternations of grey and 

 reddish marl, and fine-grained sandstone with beds of argil- 

 laceous carbonate of iron resembling the cement-stone of the 

 Kimmeridge clay. 



