I02 Flowers and their Unbidden Giiests. 



stigmas that lie just above, and in due succession 

 against the anthers. 



Very frequently again it is the andrcecium, or some 

 part of it, that roofs in the nectariferous base of the 

 corolla, and thus contributes to the formation of a 

 closed cavity, inaccessible excepting to animals of a 

 certain strength. The parts concerned may be either 

 the anthers, which are then longer and closely approxi- 

 mated, so as to form a hollow cone, the apex of which 

 points outwards ; or the filaments, which are then thick 

 and often dilated into laminar expansions ; or, thirdly 

 and lastly, the entire stamens, which are then set in 

 numerous successive rows, overlapping each other. 



Familiar instances of the first of these three methods 

 are furnished by Eamondia, Cyclamen, Dodecatheon, as 

 also by many Solanacese, Asperifoliae, and Ericaceae. 



Of the second, where it is the filaments that roof in 

 the cavity, we have examples in HemerocaUis and Gla- 

 diolus, with their large nectaries. The usual plan is for 

 the filaments to have their bases flattened out into 

 laminae ; as, for instance, in the genera Campanula 

 and Phyteuma, in Nicandra iphysaloides and Epildbmm 

 angustifolivMi, which last is represented at Plate III. 

 fig. 86 (longitud.inal section of flower). The filaments 

 are somewhat expanded at the base, and are in close 

 lateral contact with each other, while their upper and 

 narrower parts bend over in a body until they join the 

 style ; thus they form a hollow cone which domes in 



