AN ESSA Y ON LONGEVITY. 



to'J 



them into Friends and Philadelphia, and finds, as his results, that 

 the Friends at the age of twelve years have a maximum vitality of 

 20'49 per cent, over their neighbours ; that from twenty to sixty years 

 of age they have a proportionate mortality of 23-37 ""der their neigh- 

 bours ; that their expectation of life is 24-62 per cent, higher, their 

 probable life 4.V78 per cent, more valuable, and their proportionate 

 mortality at birth 44-70 lower than the mortality of their neighbours. 



' The Quakers of Philadelphia approach thus towards the Jewish race 

 in respect of vitality, in which they are, probably, exceptional to all 

 other Christian communities. The lesson brings us back in thought to 

 those peoples of whom the student's classical and great master speaks ; 

 " Plerumque tamen earn bonam contigisse ob bonos mores, quos neque 

 desidia, neque luxuria vitiarani." ' 



n. Savages. 



Fuegians and other very degraded races are stated rarely to exceed 

 the age of 45, being killed and eaten in some cases at that age by their 

 children. . 



I, Average Age of persons of various Occupations 

 dying at fifty-one and upwards/ GUY. ' Journal 

 of Statist. Sod 1846, p. 353. 



England, males (Farr) . 75-6 



Clergy 74-04 



Gentry 74- 



Medical men 72'95 



Lawyers 72-78 



Navy 72-62 



Trade and Commerce . . 72-32 

 Literature and Science (Eng- 

 lish) 72-10 



Aristocracy I^'^^ 



Army 7I'68 



Literature and Science (Fo- 

 reign) 71-44 



Fine Arts 7i'i5 



Painters (Bell) .... 70-96 

 Chemists (Thomson) . . Cp-.si 

 English Literature (Cham- 

 bers) ^9''4 



Male members of Royal 



Houses 68-54 



Sovereigns of all countries 64-89 



Kings of England . . . 64-12 



England, females (Farr) . 76-58 



Upper class females . . . 76-56 



Females of Royal Houses . 69-11 



' This quantity must be carefully distinguished from ' the expectation of 

 life ' at the age of fifty-one, given in tables N to U. The ' expectation ' 



