The Theory and Structure of Language. 101 



language, as I am loved is expressed either by amor, or amatus sum. 

 The construction of the whole passive voice from the verb to be and 

 the participles passive of other verbs, contributes much to the simpli- 

 city of our language, and the ease of acquiring it; but renders it less 

 concise than perhaps it might have been by some simple variations of 

 termination, as in the active voice of it. 



4. A fourth kind of adjective is called by the grammarians an 

 ADVERB; which has generally been formed from the first kind of 

 adjectives, as these were frequently formed from correspondent sub- 

 stantives; or it has been formed from the third kind of adjectives, 

 called participles; and this is effected in both cases by the addition 

 of the syllable ly, as wisely, charmingly. 



This kind of adjective suggests two primary ideas, like the adjec- 

 tives, and participles, from which they are derived; but differ from 

 them in this curious circumstance, that the other adjectives relate to 

 substantives, and are declined like them in the Latin and Greek lan- 

 guages, as a lovely boy, a warlike countenance; but these relate to 

 verbs, and are therefore undeclined, as to act boldly, to suffer 

 patiently. 



IV. Verbs. 



The fourth class of words consists of those which are termed 

 VERBS, and which in their simplest state suggest three ideas ; first an 

 idea of the noun, or name of the thing spoken of, as a whip. 2. An 

 idea of its mode of existence, whether at rest, or in action, or in being 

 acted upon. 3. An idea of the time of its existence. Thus " the 

 beadle whipped the beggar," in prolix language might be expressed, 

 the beadle with a whip struck in time past the beggar. Which three 

 ideas are suggested by the one word whipped. ' 



Verbs are therefore nouns, or names of intire ideas, with the 

 additional ideas of their mode of existence and of time; but the par- 

 ticiples suggest only the noun, and the mode of existence, without 

 any idea of time; as whipping, or whipped. The infinitive moods of 

 verbs correspond in their signification with the participles; as they 



