HIS ZOOLOGICAL RELATIONS. 37 



practical connection upon which anatomy and medicine 

 are every day founding their procedure. AH our views 

 of comparative anatomy, of respiration, circulation of 

 the blood, muscular and nervous action, embryology, 

 and the like, are based upon the idea of oneness in 

 the vital plan ; and surely we cannot consistently 

 separate in theory what the necessities of our every- 

 day existence compel us to combine in practice.* If, 

 then, we are compelled to regard man as belonging to 

 the same brotherhood of life, we cannot, in dealing 

 with his relations, adopt other methods of research or 



* This oneness of plan, and it9 'bearings on physiology and 

 therapeutics, are well brought out in the following passage from 

 the NatwraL History of the European Seas, by Edward Forbes and 

 Godwin Austen : — " A great part of the animals that live beneath 

 the waters consists of beings in a manner rudimentary — creatures 

 exliibiting the elements of higher creatures, living analyses of higher 

 organised compounds, the first draught of sketches afterwards finished, 

 the framework, as it were, of many-wheeled machines. By an exa- 

 mination and study of them we get at a clearer conception of the 

 nature of the structures which, in combination, constitute the com- 

 plicated bodies of vertebrated animals, and in the end are enabled 

 to throw light upon the organisation of man himself, learning thereby 

 much concerning the wonderful construction of the microcosm, and 

 at the same time, through our better knowledge of the nature and 

 capabilities of our organisation, acquiring a lesser though more 

 practical gain in the placing of the science of mediciue on a surer 

 and sounder foundation. The day has gone by when a medical 

 student was taught the anatomy and physiology of man, with little 

 reference to that of inferior beings." 



