HIS ZOOLOGICAL RELATIONS. 49 



the reason or directing intelligence of man ? It is 

 almost needless, at this stage of science, to discuss 

 the question. In the animal classes next to man^ 

 the birds and mammals — we perceive a growing con- 

 centration of the great nervous centres, the existence 

 of a more convoluted brain, the possession of similar 

 senses, acting through similar organs and influenced 

 by similar causes. By the impressions made on these 

 organs of sense animals are impelled to certain actions ; 

 and nothing more can be said of the causes affecting 

 the senses of man. Colours, sounds, odours, and 

 tastes, which are agreeable or disagreeable to man, 

 are equally gratifying or distasteful to them ; mimetic 

 disguises in nature are alike deceptive to both ; and 

 even the very lures which men employ for their cap- 

 ture, prove beyond doubt that their senses and their 

 faculties of perception and emotion are essentially the 

 same in nature. Perception, memory, reflection, hope, 

 fear, affection, and other mental attributes, are charac- 

 teristics of the lower animals as well as of man, as 

 may be amply studied in the conduct and docUity of 

 our domesticated species ; and the only difi'erence is 

 that of degree, with the superaddition of other intel- 

 lectual gifts (to be afterwards noticed), which are 

 necessary concomitants of his higher development. If, 

 then, instinct means the unreflecting impulse to 



certain actions, man has his instincts as well as other 

 E 



