HIS ZOOLOGICAL RELATIONS. 53 



animals have no power of abstraction or generalisation, 

 in the proper signification of these words. They do 

 indeed sometimes act as though they exercise such a 

 power, but they do not in reality ; the appearance of 

 it arising from the intimate connection which always 

 continues in the brute-mind betwixt instinct and 

 reason. However perfect may be their reasoning 

 about particulars, it never leads them to the know- 

 ledge of general truths, nor even to the remembrance 

 of particular ones, except so far only as they may be 

 influential over present action." And lastly. Max 

 Miiller, in his Science of Language, after admitting 

 that brutes have five senses like ourselves, that they 

 have sensations of pleasure and pain, that they have 

 memory, that they are able to compare and distinguish, 

 have a wUl of their own, show signs of shame and 

 pride, and are guided by intellect as well as instinct, 

 goes on to ask — " What then is the difference between 

 brute and man 1 What is it that man can do, and of 

 which we have no signs, no rudiments, in the whole 

 brute-world ? I answer without hesitation : the one 

 great barrier between the brute and man is Language. 

 Man speaks, and no brute has ever uttered a word. 

 Language is our Rubicon, and no brute has ever 

 crossed it.'' 



To all such averments as the preceding, however 

 plausibly or decidedly put, there is still the question : 



