HIS ZOOLOGICAL RELATIONS. 57 



be an exaggeration of the differences which distin- 

 guish animals and man. There exists, besides, as 

 much individuaUty, within their respective capa- 

 bilities, among animals as among man, as every sports- 

 man, every keeper of menageries, and every farmer 

 or shepherd can testify, or any one who has had large 

 experience with wUd, tamed, or domesticated animals. 

 This argues strongly in favour of the existence in 

 every animal of an immaterial principle similar to that 

 which, by its excellence and superior endowments, 

 places man so much above animals. Yet the principle 

 unquestionably exists, and whether it be called soul, 

 reason, or instinct, it presents in the whole range of 

 organised beings a series of phenomena closely linked 

 together ; and upon it are based not only the higher 

 manifestations of the mind, but the very permanence 

 of the specific differences which characterise every 

 organism. Most of the arguments of philosophy in 

 favour of the immortality of man apply equally to the 

 permanency of this principle in other living beings. 

 May I not add, that a future life, in which man would 

 be deprived of that great source of enjoyment and 

 intellectual and moral improvement which results 

 from the contemplation of the harmonies of an organic 

 world, would involve a lamentable loss ? And may 

 we not look to a spiritual concert of the combined 

 worlds and all their inhabitants in presence of their 



