HIS GEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONS. 69 



range and space, this he possesses in virtue of his 

 higher intelligence, which enables him to provide 

 clothing, shelter, food, and fire. That other species 

 are affected in their size, form, colour, and other par- 

 ticulars, by the physical surroundings of their position, 

 every zoologist will admit ; and we merely contend 

 for the operation of the same influences in the pro- 

 duction of differences among the human family. The 

 wider the differences in geographical positions, the 

 broader the distinctions among the inhabiting peoples ; 

 and the more isolated any tribe, the more intensified 

 their characteristics through want of intermingling 

 with other tribes. Climate and food will influence 

 form and features ; the ease or difficulty of procuring 

 sustenance will induce habits of indolence or activity; 

 new objects requiring new names and new words to 

 express their relations, will modify language ; seasonal 

 changes will give rise to industrial peculiarities and 

 foresight ; and thus the whole train of physical as 

 well as of mental attributes derive their peculiarities 

 immediately and directly from the geographical con- 

 ditions by which a nation is surrounded. We do not 

 say that physical surroundings are the sole factors in 

 the production of varietal distinctions, but we claim 

 for them a direct and important influence in contri- 

 buting to this result among men as among other 

 animals. 



