76 MAN : 



retarded the appearance of tlie later? Again, if 

 plurality of origin be admitted, we must also admit 

 plurality of species, for, zoologically speaking, varieties 

 are mere subordinate divergences from the same 

 species, and could not in this sense be regarded as in- 

 dependent originations. In fact, this hypothesis of 

 plurality of origin -is beset with numerous difficulties, 

 which do not attend the idea of the unity of the 

 human species, and its subsequent divergence, in time 

 and space, into varieties, races, and other minor dis- 

 tinctions. For such divergence we can perceive no 

 cause, save what is of a physical nature ; and where 

 reason can satisfactorily trace this mode of causation 

 operating in evident obedience to pre-ordained laws, 

 it were outraging the principles of philosophy to 

 appeal to direct interventions on the part of the 

 Creator. 



Ethnology, or the science of races,* as founded 

 partly on colour and cranial and facial aspects, and 

 partly on language and mental characteristics, is by 

 no means in a satisfactory state ; but, taking Blu- 



* Ethnology or Etinograpliy, though the science at present 

 most in favour, must after all he regarded as a mere department of 

 Anthropology. The one, restricting itself to the study of existing 

 races, can throw no light on the origin, antiquity, or destiny of 

 man ; whereas the other embraces all that can he learned of his 

 past, present, and future — of his physiological and psychological, 

 of his moral, social, and industrial relations. 



