HIS FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS. 101 



enslavement, as it has provided for and fostered that 

 of permanent domestication. And finally, that these 

 functional relations are in accordance with a great law 

 of natural progression, by which the development of 

 newer and higher races shall ever be coincident with 

 the extinction of the earlier and inferior. 



Such are the relations — zoological, geographical, 

 ethnological, and functional — which constitute man's 

 Wheee, or the place he now occupies in the scheme 

 of creation, and from which the following inferences 

 may fairly be deduced : — 1. That adaptive modifica- 

 tion of pre-existing structures, rather than independent 

 creation of new ones, seems to be the method of nature 

 in the production of newer and higher life-forms, and 

 that in this respect man comes under the same cate- 

 gory as the rest of his fellow-creatures. 2. That 

 man, like other animals, is influenced by external 

 conditions; and that while, in accordance with a 

 great creational plan, adaptive modification is pro- 

 ducing newer and higher forms, geographical sur- 

 roundings are co-ordinately iustrumental in favouring 

 the same results. 3. That in obedience to a great 

 progressional law, and under the influence of geo- 

 graphical conditions, man passes into newer and 

 higher varieties — the lower varieties being thus neces- 

 sarily the eaiiier and the higher, and ascensive the 



