114 MAN: 



borated — new names for new objects, and new phrases 

 to express their relations ; and this also requires time, 

 to say nothing of the growth of new languages for 

 the advancing races, or of the ages required for the 

 invention of letters and the passage of oral into 

 written and methodical forms* Man, for his subsist- 

 ence and comfort, has also (at least in temperate 

 regions) to cultivate certain plants and domesticate 

 certain animals, and as these plants and animals are 

 naturally restricted to limited districts, they have had 

 to be carried from region to region and acclimatised, 

 to pass into new varieties and breeds — into the 

 varieties and breeds which we now enjoy ; and all 

 this must have taken long ages for its accomplishment. 

 As a fabricator of mechanical tools, man has also had 

 to pass from wood, bone, and stone, which lay con- 

 spicuously around him and ready for use, to the 

 metals ; and as these for the most part occur in earthy 

 ores, it must have been long before he learned to 



* We lay no stress on the argument against linguistic progression 

 ■ ■which some philologists attempt to derive from the grammatical 

 structure of all language. Mind is essentially methodical, and 

 cannot convey its ideas to another mind — however few and simple 

 these ideas may be — without following the order in which they 

 occur to itself. In this way language assumes a connected and 

 methodical form long before grammarians attempt to analyse it. 

 It is language that involves grammar, not grammar that malses 

 language. 



