153 



provement and progress. On no tkeory of mere 

 physical transmission or heredity can these be ac- 

 counted for. The predecessor does not possess them, 

 and could not bequeath them ; the law is a mere 

 method, and cannot of itself originate anything new ; 

 and they can only be resolved, like all the other stages 

 in a plan of ascensive development, iato new and special 

 endowments. It is of little avail to contend, as some 

 psychologists do, that the lower animals are gifted 

 with intelligence as well as the highest, and that the 

 higher intellect of man is but a necessary co-relation 

 of his structural adaptations. The co-relation between 

 mind and matter no one denies ; but a co-relation is 

 not necessarily a consequence, and psychology must 

 first establish the nature of the connection that sub- 

 sists between mind and structural organisation, before 

 any argument can be drawn from this source as to 

 intellectual development. Nor does it alter the 

 matter to argue that among many tribes of mankind 

 the miad, wholly given to the necessities of animal 

 existence, is little superior to that of the brutes. The 

 elements of unprovability are there, or at all events 

 in the human intellect ; and this improvability has 

 never manifested itself among the lower animals, which 

 remain now as they were from their beginnings. 

 There must be some essential difference, therefore, 

 between man and the animals that stand next beneath 



