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3. That, MthnologicaUy, man appears m several 

 great varieties distinguished by mental as vrell as by 

 physical characteristics ; that the study of these 

 characteristics leads us to regard some as higher and 

 others as lower in the scale of being ; that, judging 

 from all we can learn from history, tradition, and 

 analogy, the higher must be the more recent and the 

 lower the more ancient varieties ; and that, carrying 

 out this principle of descent, the lowest known 

 variety may have been preceded by others lower and 

 lower in proportion to their antiquity. 



4. That, Functionally, man, like other animals, has 

 his relations to external nature the requirements of 

 which are imperative ; that, being endowed with 

 higher mental as well as with higher structural 

 capabilities, he exercises a wider influence on vitality 

 than other animals ; that in virtue of this influence, 

 and according to his civilisation, he extirpates, dis- 

 seminates, and modifies plant-life and animal-life ; and 

 that in proportion to his superiority he in like manner 

 modifies his own race, the higher ever passing over 

 the lower, and the earlier ever disappearing before 

 the spread of the recent and advancing. 



5. That, Sistorically, we can have no certain 

 evidence of the outcomings and incomings of those 

 early races which preceded all history; that, even 

 were tradition reliable and history certain, it is as 



