182 Essay, Cc. 
ina valley, transmitting a small rivulet, the prin- 
cipal village on this peninsula, denominated Kar- 
4ng-bolleng. From Surakarta to the river 
Chiching-goleng, the road passes, with few 
exceptions, through districts which are culti- 
vated: a great proportion of chese are low, and 
rice raised on inundated grounds, ( Padi-sawa,) 
is the chief production. In some parts of Bag- 
galen this grain is sowed on high grounds, ele- 
vated beyond the point that is inundated during 
the period of the rains, and in rotation with 
various other vegetables whichare employed in 
the food of the natives: these are principally 
Legumes of various kinds, Cucumbers and other 
cucurbitaceous plants—Roors ( Dioscorez, Con- 
volvuli, &c. ) and many others. Favourable 
situations produce Kachang-china ( Arachis 
Hypogaea) Indian-corn and Cotton. But in 
many of the fields which I observed the soil is 
composed almost purely of clay, without any 
mixture of sand or mould, bursting widely dur- 
ing the het season, and only accommodated to 
the production of one crop of rice, on the retire- 
ment of the inundation caused by the rains. 
_ August. 9.— Was devoted to the examination 
of the hills in the neighbourhood, and to a visit 
to the caverns in which the Hirundo Esculenta: 
builds her nests. "These caverns are found, at 
intervals, along the whole ofthe southern coast, 
from Java Head to the extreme eastern. point, 
but no part of the Island contains them of the 
same extent orso well supplied with inhabitants, 
the circumstance on which their productiveness 
depends. The object of my visit was to deter- 
mine personally their mineralogical constitution, 
as my ideas had hitherto been formed alone 
