EARTH-WORMS 
OF THE NORTH OF ENGLAND. 
Rev. HILDERIC FRIEND, F.L.S., 
President of the Wesley Naturalists’ Society, and Vice-President of the Carlisle Microscopical 
Society, Author of‘ Flowers and Flower-Lore’ and other works; ldle, near Bradford. 
So far as I can learn no list of Earth-Worms has hitherto been 
published for the North of England. I have, therefore, put 
together the names of those which I have collected and identified 
during the past year (1890). It includes a few which are new to 
variations, if not absolutely new species, but as nothing is gained 
by too hasty publication, I withhold ie Sa of an uncertain 
character. 
I have marked with an asterisk those which I have not found 
on record as British, and in each instance the locality is given. 
he h 
this subject will be welcomed. I may refer the reader to a series 
of articles which are appearing week by week in the ‘ North 
Cumberland Reformer’ on this subject. These will, in due course, 
be published as a ‘ Handbook of British Earth-Worms.’ 
1. Lumbricus terrester L. Widely distributed. Later writers 
have altered the name given by Linnzus to Z. serrestris. 
ee aie are L. asa Hoffmeister ; Zztertor terrestre, 
L. herculeus, Duges; cf. Grube, * Familien der 
feelidicn Berlin, 1851, p- 99- 
2. Lumbricus rubellus Hoffm. Banks of Caldew and Eden, 
Cumberland, July 1890. 
Jan. 1851. 
. 
