g2 WAITE? VERTEBRATES OF THE WESTERN AINSTY. 
I have frequently found the young birds to leave the nest 
when they are scarcely able to fly ; they sit at the roots of the trees 
and are difficult to find owing to their grey colour, which assim1- 
lates well with the bark. 
Muscicapa atricapilla Linn. Pied Flycatcher. This bird 
has been seen in the district at Wilstrop by Mr. John Harrison 
and at Collingham by the Rev. J. W. Chaloner. Mr. F. Stevens 
found a nest at Wetherby in 1889. 
Hirundo rustica Linn. Swallow. A regular summer visitant, 
abundant ; it breeds throughout the district wherever suitable 
nesting sites exist. I have described some nests built at Wilstrop 
in ‘The Naturalist,’ 1890, page 2 
Chelidon urbica (Linn.). Martin. Summer visitant, regular 
and common, but much less so in some places than formerly ; 
being driven out of its nests by the House Sparrows, which are 
increasing in numbers. The Martin has entirely deserted some 
localities where it formerly bred, but at Wilstrop, where the 
Sparrows are kept in check, it is plentiful and I have counted as 
many as twenty-two occupied nests under the eaves of one shed. 
Cotile riparia (Linn. Sand Martin. A regular summer 
visitant, abundant where it occurs, breeds in colonies in many 
places in the banks of the Wharfe and Nidd and also in several 
sand-pits. 
Ligurinus chloris (Linn.). Greenfinch. Resident and abun- 
dant, it breeds generally throughout the district. 
Coccothraustes vulgaris Pall. Hawfinch. From all accounts 
it appears that the Hawfinch is increasing in numbers in many 
parts of the country, and the Western Ainsty is no exception ; 
it was formerly a rare bird but can hardly be considered so now. 
I have seen it at several places in the district at different times 
of the year and obtained one at Wilstrop on 8th Feb., 1890. 
Mr. John Emmet records it at Healaugh on May 11th, 1883 
(‘ Naturalist,’ 1885, p. 299), and he found it nesting at Boston 
Spa in 1886 (‘ Naturalist,’ 1886, p. 277). 
Carduelis elegans Steph. Goldfinch. Locally called Redcap. 
Formerly common, but rare now, for which I believe the bird- 
catchers are mainly responsible. In a MS. dated 1880, the 
late W. J. Milligan, of Wetherby, wrote of this species :—‘ It is 
not numerous, and is oftener seen’ in autumn and winter ; 
a favourite locality is about Wighill and Newton Kyme, but it 
is continually shifting its quarters.’ The late John Tennant wrote 
in 1880:—‘It has bred at Wilstrop, but is very rare now.’ 
Manaraliah: 
