YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION IN UPPER SWALEDALE. 203 
The Geological Section was represented by Mr. S. Chadwick, F.G.S., 
one of its Secretaries, and other geologists, and had the great advantage 
of the presence and guidance of Mr. J. G. Goodchild, F.G.S., who 
furnishes the following account of the investigations of this section :-— 
On arrival on the Saturday at Askrigg Station, and starting from 
the horizon of the two uppermost subdivisions of the Mountain 
Limestone as defined by Phillips—the Muker Limestone (Smiddy 
Limestone of Alston Moor) and the overlying Askrigg Limestone 
(Little Limestone of the same district)—the party crossed the 
various subdivisions of the Yoredale Rocks as the hillside north of 
the town (Askrigg) was ascended. The actual rocks themselves 
are not clearly laid bare along the whole of the route; but (as 
Prof. Phillips has shown in his ‘ Geology of Yorkshire’) beck- 
sections and other exposures east and west of the road show the 
following succession, the lowest rock being named first :—top of the 
Askrigg or Aysgarth Limestone, thick black shale (Hardra Shale), 
Sandstone of Hardra Fors, Hardra Limestone (the Jew Limestone 
of the Alston district), ##z bed of shale, repeated alternations of 
sandstone, shale, and thin limestone, Simonstone Limestone (the 
Tyne-Bottom Limestone) shale, alternations of sandstone and shale, 
with thin but very persistent beds of limestone (two are respectively 
known as the Cockle Shell and the Post Limestones in the country to 
the north-west), Middle Limestone, Fifth Sett (or Scar Limestone) 
shales and sandstones, Fourth Sett (Five Yards Limestone) shales 
and sandstones, Third Sett (Three Yards Limestone) shales and 
sandstones (Nattrass Gill Hazle), Lower Undersett Limestone (Four 
Fadom) shale, passing northward into the Quarry Hazle, Upper 
Undersett, or Undersett Chert (Limestone Post), shales, sandstones, 
Main, Twelve Fadom, or Great Limestone, Main Chert, Black Beds, 
Shales and Coal Sills, Red Beds Limestone and Chert, shales, Ten 
Fadom Grit, Crow Limestone and Chert, shales and Fell-Top 
Grit. This last is taken as the basement bed of the Millstone Grit. 
(The foregoing was given in Woodward’s Geology of England and 
Wales, znd Ed., p. 164, 1887). 
The outcrops of these various subdivisions can be traced along both 
sides of the dales, in some cases for distances of three miles, without 
interruption. The terrace-like outcrop of the limestones—each 
ending outwards in a cliff-like scar, and bounded on its inner edge by 
lines of swallow-holes—could be distinctly seen by the party as they 
climbed the hill. 
n the way several of the party obtained some of the commoner 
fossils of the Yoredale limestones, which were chiefly brachiopods. 
July 1801. 
