206 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION IN UPPER SWALEDALE. 
faults and other disturbances in contributing to the varied nature of 
the scenery was described in some detail, and was further illustrated 
by many diagrams. Mr. Goodchild indicated the point where 
Kisdon Foss had started at the close of the Glacial Period, and 
showed that it had since cut back from that starting point a distance 
of more than half-a-mile. The starting point of the Upper Kisdon 
Foss (Undersett Chert on shale above Undersett Limestone) could 
easily be made out also. The conjoined gorges left by the recession 
of the two fosses constitute an important element in the scenery 
here. Some remarks were made upon the recession of the fosses 
higher up the Swale—Catrake Foss, Hoggart’s Loup, Currack Foss, 
Rainby Foss, &c.—and it was shown that the scars left on both 
banks of the river, by the recession of each of the fosses in 
question, could be distinctly traced back to their post-glacial starting- 
point. Some observations upon the same features will be found in 
the ‘Geol. Mag.,’ 1875, pp. 325-6, where an attempt has been made 
to estimate the extent of post-glacial erosion by means of these 
fosses, dealing more especially with the waterfalls of Wensleydale. 
rom Birkhill the party descended to a point opposite the foot of 
White Wallit Scar, where Mr. Abraham Lambert, of Harrogate, took 
a photograph of the group of naturalists. Then a move was made 
towards Keld, where the various objects of interest in the scenery 
were inspected and much admired. These were the gorge formed 
by the Undersett Limestone and its underlying sandstone, extending 
eastward from Catrake Foss and Morell Hole; Clap Stye Well, 
where a perennial spring of the brightest of water flows from the base 
of the Undersett Limestone ; the Sandbed, above; the Sandstone 
Foss of Hoggart’s Loup; Rainby Foss, &c. All the riverside 
scenery here was bright with the blossoms of Zpr/obium angustifolium, 
Geranium pratense and G. sylvaticum, Campanula latifolia, Spirea, 
etc., and the ferns were at their best. Then past Cotterby Scar 
(Main Limestone) with the Undersett Chert at its foot, to Keldside 
Mines, where the Main Chert and Black Beds are let down into the 
Swale by faults. Here some time was spent in examining these 
remarkable siliceous beds. Then a return move was made to Keld, 
where the whole party gathered to a very pleasant dinner at the 
Cat-hole Inn. 
On the day following, at the conclusion of the meeting held at 
Muker, most of the naturalists started for Hawes by way of the 
Buttertubs. On the way Mr. Goodchild pointed out the chief 
features of the geology, indicating the outcrop of each of the chief 
Yoredale limestones, which were, of course, seen in the same order 
as on the first day’s excursion. On the way up Mr. Goodchild made 
—— 
Naturalist, 
