272 IN MEMORIAM—DANIEL MACKINTOSH, F.G.S. 
He also sat on the British Association Committee on erratic 
blocks, and rendered much valuable assistance to that 
As a geologist he belonged to the pre-Lyellian school, but in 
later years he considerably modified many of his opinions, 
especially in regard to the effects of marine denudation in giving rise 
to certain prominent features of the landscape, such as valleys, 
cwms, and mountain passes, which are now generally held to be 
due to subaérial influences. But, in addition to his valuable general 
knowledge of the diversified rocks of the country, his most 
important contribution to science was, perhaps, that careful and 
systematic survey of the boulder clay and erratic blocks of the 
north-west of England and the east of Wales, which formed the 
subject of an elaborate memoir published in 1878 by the Geological 
Society of London. Although some of his views, especially those 
relating to the tripartite division of the Boulder Clay and the 
supposed inter-glacial age of certain deposits in the Cheshire area, 
do not seem likely to be accepted in their entirety by the modern 
school of glacial geologists, it is not too much to say that 
Mr. Mackintosh’s observations have laid the foundation of a great 
part of the work of later explorers, and that his papers are standard 
authorities for students of our local glacial records on the rocks. 
He published a work (now, unhappily, out of print) entitled 
‘The Scenery of England and Wales in relation to its Geology,’ 
which comprised an account of his own observations covering a 
large part of Great Britain; scarcely a hill or dale possessing any 
feature of interest, existing in the country, with which he was not 
familiar. Among other works worthy of note may be mentioned his 
papers on the ‘ Inter-glacial Age of the Cave Mammalia,’ and on 
baondy and Lake Basins of Cheshire and Flint.’ 
ring the last few years his life has been passed almost in 
vee the state of his health having compelled him to relinquish 
most of his scholastic and other work. His wants were simple, and, 
as to his frugality, the following extract from a memorial notice in 
the Chester Chronicle will speak :—‘ Money was no object beyond its 
power of providing him with wholesome and humble fare. It was 
luxury beyond dreams, wealth beyond measure to him, to decipher 
some of nature’s hieroglyphics in her grand history of the past, as 
recorded upon the face of the heavens and in the depth of the 
earth.’ Such a character is, indeed, rare. Apart from his scientific 
eminence Mr. Mackintosh will be remembered with much affection 
by a large circle of friends and pupils, for his gentle disposition and 
kind and genial qualities were impressed upon all who knew oe 
O.W.J. 
_-_-eoOoor 
Naturalist, © 
