KNUBLEY: THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION AT CARDIFF, 65 
Corresponding Societies’ Committee, had taken shape, and it was 
one of the first pieces of work recommended to the Secretary of the 
Conference to be taken up. The object was to ascertain by 
observations, taken twice daily, the temperature of rivers, estuaries, 
and lakes in all parts of the kingdom. At Knaresborough, Mr. Paul 
had made some of the most interesting observations of all, sects 
he had taken the readings in conjunction with the air temperature, 
and also the earth temperature, thereby bringing out in a very 
interesting way the great activity of the surface water in responding 
to changes in the atmosphere. This observer had also made a 
number of most admirable observations under the ice during the 
severe winter of last year. He found that in the first spell of 
freezing the average temperature under the ice was under 34°. 
There was a thaw and another frost, and it fell to 33°. Another 
thaw followed, and then a third frost, and it was only during the 
third period of freezing that the average temperature of the water 
came down to 32°. It was very fortunate that the work of the 
Committee had been extended over last year, and that the observers 
had met with such favourable conditions. He thanked the 
delegates, the observers, and the secretaries for the completeness 
with which the observations had been carried out. In several cases 
the observers had carried on the work on their own account, and he 
trusted that such observations would be continued and extended. 
Dr. Mill, in conclusion, expressed his willingness to render all 
possible assistance to such observers. 
he Chairman said that for some reasons he regretted that the 
work of this Committee had come to an end, but he thought that 
their efforts had prepared the way for future organisation. He did 
not see why the Royal Meteorological Society, which dealt with the 
question of air and earth temperatures, should not deal with water 
temperature. Neither did he see why the Scottish Meteorological 
Society should not deal with this subject. He was inclined to 
that these two Societies might make some arrangement for conducting 
and co-ordinating such observations. 
Meteorological Photography.—Mr. A. W. Clayden,* the 
Secretary of this Committee, stated that although a large number of 
circulars had been sent to the various local Societies asking for 
contributions of meteorological photographs, very few had as yet 
Tesponded. The majority of the photographs which had been sent 
ad come from isolated observers. He therefore urged the delegates 
to bring the subject before their fetes with a view to securing 
organised co-operation. 
* Arthur W. Clayden, Warleigh, Palace TEER d, Tulse Hill Park, sent S.W. 
March 1892. 
