184 YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT HORTON-IN-RIBBLESDALE. 
party struck northwards to Ribblehead to meet the later arrivals. 
The strongly reinforced party, now numbering 26, under the guidance 
of Mr. Goodchild, and supplied by him with hand map and sections 
illustrating the geology of the district, at once set out to examine 
a good exposure of limestone in the cutting a little to the south of 
the station, showing glacial strize or markings having a south-westerly 
direction. Crossing the railway the party made for the higher ground 
on the slopes of Park Fell, where at a suitable spot a halt was made 
for a brief survey of the surroundings. The view from this point of 
vantage was fine. Whernside, towering up its 2,414 ft. above sea 
level, shut in the view to the west, while away north the caps of 
Widdale and Cam Fells, and to the east the gaunt form of Penyghent, 
alternately smiled and frowned in the sunlight as some white drifting 
cloud temporarily hung near their summits and cast an ever-changing 
series of shadows on their forms. 
Mr. Goodchild here took the opportunity of briefly describing the 
physical features of the neighbourhood. The glacial drift covers 
most of the surface of the district, and is here well shown by a series 
of drumlins or hummocks lying in and occupying the whole of the 
valley. ‘These mounds are of long semi-ovoid or dome shape, and 
many of large size ; the longer axes lie in the direction of and generally 
conform to the ice flow, which, coming from Newby Head and Cam 
Fell, forced a part down Chapel-le-Dale, while the other portion 
spread out and flowed down Ribblesdale. The sectional form of 
these mounds generally conforms to the shape of the underlying rocks 
which by various agencies have been shaped into their peculiar ovoid 
form, and the overlying material consists of boulder clay largely 
interbedded with sands and gravels. Mr. Goodchild explained that 
the material differed in character from that of a moraine profonde ; 
the layers largely conformed to the shape of the rock surface 
underneath, and were, from their form and character, rather material 
that had been left by the ice when melted. The general direction 
of the ice flow in the valley has been S.S.W., and as the gathering- 
ground for the glacier was only a little distance north no far-travelled 
boulders are found in the clay. The probable height to which the 
drift occurs has been estimated at over 2,000 ft. above sea level on 
the south-east side of Ingleborough. 
The party now proceeded along the hill-side, passing good 
exposures of the boulder clay and drift bared by the mountain 
streams, and examined many ice groovings or striz, and after an 
interesting series of wall-climbing feats, during which some of the 
stiffer members of the party were heard to remark that a little mortar 
would have been useful in building, both for the safety of the wall 
Naturalist, 
