248 FRIEND: A NEW YORKSHIRE EARTHWORM. 
flesh-coloured, while the anal extremity is quite yellow in fresh 
specimens, due to the presence of a golden liquid, which it emits 
when placed in spirits. The segments which contain the essential 
organs are paler than the rest, and from these also some specimens 
exude a coloured fluid. As the possible connection of this exudation 
with sexual relationships has never yet been studied, it is impossible 
at present to say whether the quantity varies with the maturity of the 
worm. My own researches have led me to think this is the case, 
and that the matter should be investigated from that point of view. 
The head is small, and cuts nearly one half of the first segment, 
whereas in the genus Lumbricus it forms a perfect mortise and tenon. 
The male pore is on segment 15, and is seated on either side on 
prominent, pale, opaque _papillz. he girdle extends over 6 
segments (30-35), and stands well out from the body. It is closely 
fused on the back, but beneath the segments can be very clearly 
distinguished. The band which constitutes the puberty pores 
(tubercula pubertatis) stretches along the undersurface of segments 
31-34, and even when the clitellum is as yet unformed the position 
of this band in relief serves to mark off those segments from the 
rest. The sete are disposed differently from those of the true 
earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L..) and the related species. Rosa 
states the arrangement thus: ‘The space between the inferior and 
superior pair of sete is a little less than that between the ventral 
setae, but nearly (or about) double that between the dorsal. The 
medio-ventral space is double that between the sete of the ventral 
pair ; the dorsal space is double the first, and six times that between 
the dorsal sete.’ A diagram is necessary to make this point clear to 
the uninitiated. There are papillae on the underside of segment 
25 or 26, which are in some way connected with the sexual organs. 
Internally we find four pairs of seminal vesicles, those in segments 9 
and ro fixed to the anterior side of the septum, and in 11 and 12 on 
the posterior face. There are two pairs of spermathecze in segments 
to and 11, which open in the intersegment 9-10, 10-11 in the direction 
of the third row of sete; and I am able to confirm Dr. Rosa’s 
later statement to the effect that the opening is in the segment con- 
taining the organs, and not in the preceding. I have as yet found 
no spermatophores on this species. 
This worm emits an odour, which, on account of its suggestive- 
ness of garlic, is anything but agreeable. I have referred to the 
value of the smell and mucus in aiding worms to mate, in a paper on 
‘ Hybridity Among Worms,’ published in ‘Nature.’ This worm is 
found in fields and gardens, under clods or stones, and is by no 
means rare. Found at Apperley in May, and near Bradford in es -_ 
