NOTES AND NEWS. 299 
Turritella erosa, were also among the finds. The Basement-clay 
occupies about 20 ft. of the cliff at Dimlington, and is succeeded by 
well-bedded loam and gravel, reaching an unusual thickness up to 
20 ft. Above this come the Purple Clays and higher deposits which 
are better studied farther north, and were well seen as the party 
returned to Withernsea by the coast. The Basement-clay sinks 
below the beach at Out Newton, and for most of the way the lower 
part of the cliffs is occupied by the Purple Clay. The chalky base of 
this was studied at several points, and the division into an Upper and 
Lower Purple Clay, marked usually by a more or less laminated 
band, was also noted. Here the Norwegian boulders are perhaps 
less abundant, while the coming-in of occasional Lake District rocks 
seems to be another point of difference from the Basement Clay. 
The Shap granite and the porphyritic lava of Eycott were found. 
Above the Purple Clay the Hessle gravels and sands seem to be 
fairly constant along this line, while the red Hessle Clay generally 
forms the uppermost part of the cliffs. In several places, however, 
the well-known lacustrine deposits belonging to a much more recent 
date were observed. A fine example occupies the low cliffs for some 
distance to the north of Out Newton. Here occur fresh-water marls 
to a thickness of eight or ten feet, crowded with shells. Spherium 
corneum, Pisidium sp., Valvata piscinalis, Limnea peregra, etc., were 
found, besides fish-vertebree. Above the marl come peaty layers to 
a thickness of two or three feet, the lower bands being largely com- 
pacted masses of leaves and wood. Another large lacustrine deposit, 
showing a somewhat similar section, was examined immediately 
north of Nevill’s Drain. Here too were found abundant Zimnea 
peregra, besides occasional L. stagnalis (?), Planorbis complanatus, etc. 
Throughout the day’s journey the evidences of the waste of the 
cliffs was prominently exhibited. The defences erected at Withernsea 
some twenty years ago, seem to have accelerated the destruction of 
the coast-line to the immediate south, by cutting off the supply of 
beach-material travelling from the north, which should constitute to 
some extent a natural protection to the cliffs. 
The meeting then concluded with a unanimous vote of thanks 
to the chairman, proposed by Mr. Edwin Hawkesworth, of Leeds, 
and an announcement of the Fungus Foray at Malton, and meeting 
at Coxwold in September, after which the members made their way 
to the railway station, and proceeded by the 6.28 train to Hull, 
en route for their various destinations.—-W. D. R. 
NOTES AND NEWS. 
_ In ‘Nature,’ June 16th, 1892, is an account (with plan) of the opening of the 
Liverpool Marine Biological Station at Port Erin, Isle of Man, on the 4th of June. 
Oct. 1892, 
