TINKLER: THE AVI-FAUNA OF ARKENGARTHDALE, ETC. 311 
My best thanks are due to my friends Mr. J. G. Goodchild, 
F.G.S., etc., and Mr. M. Willey, of Scar House, Arkengarthdale, 
for much valuable information, and especially to the latter for every 
possible facility afforded me in carrying on my ornithological 
investigations. I have also to thank Mr. V. Coates, of Booze, 
Mr. Croad, of Ellerton, Mr. M. Cherry, of Ivelet, Mr. E. Broderick, 
of Summer Lodge, and Mr. John Wilson and Mr. J. Waggit, of Keld, 
for much useful information. To make my list as complete as 
Possible, I have laid under contribution all notices of the occurrence 
of rare birds I have been able to find in the ‘Zoologist,’ ‘Naturalist,’ 
‘Field,’ etc. 
Turdus viscivorus. Missel Thrush. Local name, Jay Throstle. 
An abundant resident. Nests in solitary trees in the most 
Temote gills and on the ledges of stone walls and sheep folds 
in the higher parts of the district. ‘Towards winter congregates 
in small parties, and in very severe weather entirely leaves the 
higher parts of Arkengarthdale and Swaledale. 
Turdus musicus. Song Thrush. Local name, Bell Throstle. 
A common resident, confined to the valleys. Leaves the higher 
parts in very severe weather, but speedily returns. 
Turdus iliacus. Redwing. A regular winter visitor to Swale- 
dale below Reeth. In Arkengarthdale and Upper Swaledale it 
Only occurs in small numbers. Arrives early in October, and 
has usually gone again by the end of the first week in April. 
Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. Local name, Felfaw. A regular 
winter visitor to Swaledale below Reeth. Only found in very 
small numbers in Arkengarthdale and Upper Swaledale. 
Arrives early in October, and has gone again by the end 
of the first week in April. 
Turdus merula. Blackbird. Local name, Black-wuzel. A 
common resident, confined chiefly to the valleys, though I have 
found it straying far out on the moors, and it is occasionally 
Caught in the pole-traps. 
Turdus torquatus. Ring Ouzel. Local name, Rock-wuzel. 
A common summer visitor throughout the district, arriving 
towards the end of March and leaving at the end of September, 
at which time the mountain ash and other berries begin to fail. 
It nests among the ling and on ledges of rock right up to the 
gill heads, and at all elevations. Juniper and other bushes, 
plantations of young firs, and among roots ona bank side are 
often chosen ; ivy-covered rocks, especially those near a stream, 
are very favourite sites, while far out on the moors the ledges of 
____4 stone wall or sheepfold serve the purpose. 
Oct. 1892, 
