312 TINKLER: THE AVI-FAUNA OF ARKENGARTHDALE, ETC. 
Cinclus aquaticus. Water Ouzel or Dipper. Local names, 
Water Crow, Bessie Douker. A very common resident, being 
found by every stream throughout the district up to the gill 
heads. No weather seems too severe for it, and it is one of our 
very earliest nesters, frequently having fledged young early in 
April. Two broods are invariably reared. Year after year a 
pair will be found nesting on the same site, and very often 
utilising the old nest. On suddenly coming upon a nest on a 
rock by a beck side full of fledged youngsters, it is amusing to 
see the way they will tumble into the water, dive, reappear some 
yards further down, and swim away. I have seen the same 
thing happen with an adult bird when suddenly aroused from 
her nest. 
Saxicola cnanthe. Wheatear. Local name, Stonechat. A 
common summer visitor throughout the district, arriving about 
the end of March and staying until about the middle of 
September. Breeds both in the valleys and on the tops of the 
highest fells. 
Pratincola rubetra. Whinchat. Local name, Utick. An 
a t summer visitor to the pastures and meadows of the 
district. Arrives early in April and stays until September is 
well advanced. Much more plentiful in some years than in 
others. For instance, from 1883 to 1888 it was very common, 
while in 1889 and 1890 hardly any were to be seen. 
Pratincola rubicola. Stonechat. I have never observed this 
species myself, though in Arkengarthdale I kept a sharp 
look-out for it. However, I am assured it occurs in Upper 
Swaledale. Mr. Goodchild in his list (‘ Naturalist,’ August 
1890) says it is there a ‘less common resident.’ The dalesmen 
always speak of the Wheatear by the name of Stonechat. 
Ruticilla pheenicurus. Redstart. Local name, Firetail. A 
regular summer visitor, arriving from the middle to the end 
of April and leaving again in September. Common about 
stone walls (especially in the vicinity of houses if ivy-covered 
or moss-grown), also by the borders of woods. 
Erithacus rubecula. Redbreast. Local name, Robin. An 
abundant resident throughout the valleys of the district. 
Sylvia cinerea. Whitethroat. A summer visitor to the valleys, 
arriving about the third week in April and leaving in September. 
Below Reeth, towards Richmond, and in the New Forest it 1S 
common. In Arkengarthdale and Upper Swaledale it is only 
found in small numbers. eee 
Naturalist, 
