TINKLER: THE AVI-FAUNA OF ARKENGARTHDALE, ETC. 317 
Sturnus vulgaris. Starling. Local name, Sheepster. A 
resident, and now very common throughout the district. Most 
of those with us from spring till autumn leave during the winter 
months, but even then small parties may be seen from time to 
time. Quite unknown forty years ago. 
Garrulus glandarius. Jay. Resident in the woods of Lower 
Swaledale, but, owing to constant persecution, in much smaller 
numbers than formerly. Very rarely occurs above Reeth. 
I have never seen or heard of it in pieneiie rthdale. 
Pica rustica. Magpie. Local names, Pyannot, Pyet. In spite 
of great persecution it still maintains its hold in Swaledale and 
the New Forest, and on the slopes of Fell End in the lower part 
of the Arkle valley. In Arkengarthdale proper it is now a very 
occasional visitor, and has not nested for over ten years. The 
last nest known was in the Scars. It is also becoming rare in 
Upper Swaledale. 
Corvus monedula. Jackdaw. Local name, Jack. A common 
resident in Swaledale and the New Forest, breeding in large 
numbers in the clefts of many of the limestone scars; more 
rarely about buildings. Curiously enough, though parties pay 
daily visits to Arkengarthdale on feeding expeditions, I have 
never known it to nest within the dale. 
Corvus corone. Carrion Crow. Local names, Dowp, Corbie. 
Fast becoming a casual visitor instead of a common resident. 
I have only known of one nest in Arkengarthdale within the 
space of nine years, namely, in 1882, when a pair built in Little 
Punchard Gill. There is usually a nest or so in one or other of 
the many gills Pf Upper Swaledale, and in the woods between 
Grinton and Marske. In the higher portion of the district, 
where woods are scarce, it almost always builds its nest in some 
mountain ash or other tree sticking out of the side, or in the 
bottom of some lonely gill, and I have often found it in a thick 
holly bush. 
Corvus cornix. Hooded Crow. Common on the fells during 
the winter, arriving about the end of October, a hnagiins 
about the end of March. Less often seen in the valleys. In 
December 1884, a party of thirty were seen about a dead sheep, 
in Farn Gill, Arkengarthdale. 
Corvus frugilegus. Rook. There are only three rookeries in 
the district, namely, at Marske, Fremington, and Healaugh, the 
two latter of small size. Before the trees were cut down, there 
used to be one at Ruecroft, in the lower part of the Arkle valley, 
— 
Oct. 1892, 
