YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION AT COXWOLD AND BYLAND. 353 
Many ferns were collected here, including Lastrea filix-mas, 
L. oreopteris, L. spinulosa, L. dilatata, Lomaria spicant, and a 
crested variety of Athyrium filix-femina, The party then made 
towards a small gate which opened on to a cart-road. Following the 
road, a charming rocky ravine was entered, and soon acquaintance 
was made (by the sense of touch) of a virulent form of U7rtica. 
Further in the ravine were found Primula vulgaris (still in flower), 
Chrysosplenium oppostitifolium, Hieractum tridentatum, Myosotis 
arvensis, Teucrium scorodonia, and the ferns Scolopendrium vulgare, 
Polystichum aculeatum, and Polypodium vulgare. Wass Woods were 
then examined, yielding Hypericum hirsutum, H. pulchrum, Oxalis 
acetosella, Circea ‘luletiana, Sanicula europea, Asperula odorata, 
Arctium minus, Cnicus palustris, Campanula latifolia (fruiting), 
Lysimachia nemorum, Scrophularia nodosa, Stachys betonica, Poly- 
podium vulgare, P. phegopteris, Mercurialis perennis, Luzula maxima, 
and both the barren and fertile stems of Zguisetum maximum. 
During the return to Coxwold were noticed Pimpinella magna, 
Laphanus raphanistrum, and, in a garden hedge, Humulus lupulus. 
All the foregoing plants were seen by Mr. Waterfall himself, and, in 
addition, other members came across the following :—Sisymbrium 
thaliana, Hypericum quadrangulum, Ulex europaeus, Vicia sepium, 
Galium saxatile, G. palustre, Tussilago farfara, Petasites vulgaris, 
Mentha hirsuta, Juncus bufonius, and Polystichum angulare. 
For the Geological Section Mr. J. W. Stather writes :—Geologists 
were present from Malton, Leeds, York, Hull, and other parts of 
Yorkshire ; and the leaders were the Rev. T. A. Burge, Prior of 
Ampleforth College, and Mr. S. Chadwick, F.G.S., of Malton. As 
the party proceeded across the low ground dividing Gilling from 
Ampleforth College, it was explained that the Coxwold and 
Gilling Valley is remarkable for the presence of two large 
faults, which cut off the Kimeridge Clay floor of the valley 
from the Hambleton Hills on the North, and the Howardian 
Hills on the South, and is succinctly described by Mr. Hudleston 
as ‘A great valley, the result of erosion acting upon a complicated 
dislocation.’ The practical effect of this dislocation being that 
the coralline oolite (Lower Oolite) caps the two ranges of hills, 
while hundreds of feet below, in the intervening valley occurs the 
Kimeridge Clay (Upper Oolite). Mr. Burge pointed out, on the lower 
Slopes of the valley, several minor landslips, which he said were of 
constant occurrence after heavy rains. These slips, which occasioned 
the local agriculturists much inconvenience, were caused by the beds 
of drift moving forward on the slippery shales beneath them. In the 
neighbourhood of Ampleforth College a short detour was made in 
