108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



loosen the bark from the wood, and hewing a pole at the small end, 

 gradually tapering like a wedge about 2 feet, they force it in till 

 they have compleated the separation all round, and the bark parts 

 whole from the tree, one of which, a foot diameter, yields a piece 

 7 feet long and above 3 wide : And having now prepared four forked 

 sticks, they are set into the ground, the longer in front; on these 

 they lay the cross-poles, and on them the bark. This makes a good 

 tight shelter in warm weather. Bartram, p. 20 



Father Bruyas mentioned the andichon twice. Brebeuf described 

 it in the house built for him and his friends in the Huron country, 

 in 1635. " At the two sides, according to the Huron fashion, are 

 two benches, which they name endicha, upon which are the chests 

 to put our clothes in, and other little commodities." These suggest 

 the berths so often described, and which were continued in the log 

 cabins. Thus in Dr Jabez Campfield's account of Seneca houses in 

 1779, he said: " Most of their houses have a small additional'place, 

 built at one end, from which, they have a dore into ye large house — 

 they build two tier of births one above the other, on both sides, and 

 have fire in ye centre." Conover, p.6o 



Bishop Cammerhoff mentioned these outside apartments, when at 

 Cayuga in 1750. " There are about 20 huts all together, most of 

 them large and roomy, with 3 or 4 fireplaces ; they are well built 

 and water proof. I have not seen as good huts anywhere else. They 

 have small entrance buildings on both sides, and four or five families 

 can lodge in every cabin." It was the first village he had seen in 

 the early Iroquois country. A little later he was in the Seneca town 

 of Ganataqueh (Canandaigua). " The huts were ornamented with 

 red paintings of deer, turtles, bears, etc., designating to what clan 

 the inmates belonged." Cammerhoff 



This feature has been mentioned before at Oneida, and was com- 

 mon among the Iroquois, pointing out to visitors their kindred clans, 

 on which they had a direct claim. In the French account of 

 Iroquois customs in 1666, we are told that war councils are held 

 in the cabin of a war chief, and others in that of a principal chief. 

 " Each tribe has in the gable end of its cabin, the animal of the 

 tribe painted ; some in black, others in red. When they assemble 

 together for consultation, the first Division ranges it -elf on one side 



