331 



than the characters of the ephebastic zooecia (see Nitsche 44, aucl Pergens 

 45). I have succeeded in finding evidence (18) that this is true to a no- 

 table extent in the ancient FenesteUa. where the tubular ancestrula bears 

 a striking resemblance to the simple tubular ephebastic zooecia of the 

 Cyclostomata, from which group there is every reason to believe the 

 Cryptostomata are descended. 



It is also pointed out by Nitsche and Pergens (loc. cit.) that the 

 earlier budding habit of the colony is similar to ancestral types. In my 

 own studies I was able to show that the early budding habit is very uni- 

 form in the most diverse types of Bryozoa, and that it corresponds to the 

 budding habit that prevails throughout the astogeny of the reptant sto- 

 matoporas. 



In FenesteUa my studies indicate that the earlier individuals (nepi- 

 astic) of the colony are very different from the adult (ephebastic) indi- 

 viduals and are strikingly similar to the ephebastic individuals of certain 

 Cyclostomata that are on morphological grounds, as pointed out by Ulrich 

 (63), probably ancestral. And again, the early neanastic zooecia of the 

 Devonian fenestellas studied are almost exactly like to the ephebastic 

 zooecia of the fenestellas of the Niagara series. Unpublished studies in- 

 dicate that in the Fenestellas of the Upper Carboniferous the neanastic 

 stage is more abbreviated, and that the adult type of zooecia follows more 

 closely upon the nepionic type. 



Dr. Lang of the British Museum has published very interesting studies 

 of the Stomatoporas and Eleids of the Mesozoic (35, 36, 37), and has come 

 independently to exactly the same conclusions as the writer in regard to 

 the development of the colony, and the relations of astogeny and phylo- 

 geny among the Bryozoa. He says (35), "The development of the colony 

 is comparable with and follows the same laws as the development of the 

 individual." And again : "Among Jurassic forms of Stomatopora and 

 Proboscina it has been found that when any given character, such, for 

 instance, as the ratio of the length of the zooecium to its breadth, is fol- 

 lowed from the first zooecium to the last, that it has a progressive develop- 

 ment, or anagenesis, reaches a maximum, or acme, and often may be seen 

 to have a retrogressive development, or katagenesis, in the ultimate 

 branches of the zoarium." 



Lang has paid especial attention to the manner of branching in Juras- 

 sic stomatoporas. The nearly universal method of branching in the Juras- 

 sic members of this group is by dichotomy. This according to Lang may 



