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to continue. The methods of planting are very simple. The best perhaps 

 requires two men. One carries a bucket of "puddled" seedlings. The 

 other carries a spade which he sets full length in the ground. He then 

 pushes the handle forward, sticks a seedling, which the first man hands 

 him, in behind the blade, withdraws the spade and then steps firmly with 

 both feet on the ground around the tree. Another rapid method which 

 often succeeds is to plow a furrow, lay the trees against the side of it, 

 cover with a hoe and tramp firmly. The remainder of the furrow may be 

 filled by means of a cultivator. A third way is to dig a hole with a grub 

 hoe or mattock. This method is used only on unprepared ground. The 

 size of the hole depends upon the size and character of the root system. 

 Fine dirt is then thrown in next to the roots and the hole filled up, the 

 earth being firmly tramped as before. All trees should be planted deep 

 enough so that when the ground settles they are covered to the same depth 

 they were before being transplanted. 



Cultivation. — One of the great troubles with the plantings alreads* 

 made in central Indiana is that they have not received sufficient care. 

 They have been plowed or hoed a few times and then left to take care of 

 themselves. The methods and aims of cultivation in the state reservation 

 are given in the following : 



"The cultivation given the young trees growing in the regularly 

 planted fields was of two forms, plowing in the same manner that corn 

 is cultivated and by hoeing. In some fields the trees were plowed and 

 hoed, while in others they were simply hoed without plowing. They were 

 given two complete cultivations. One plan seems to be as successful as 

 the other. The aim sought by the cultivation was to keep down weeds and 

 other wild forms of growth that might overcome the young trees. In the 

 fields where the soil around the young trees was kept loose and free from 

 weeds for a short distance from the trees (eight to twelve inches) by 

 hoeing, and the other forms of growth permitted to stand around them, 

 the young trees seemed to do the best. The only reasonable opinion that 

 can be given for this fact is that the other growth formed a mulch over 

 the soil and prevented evaporation and also a forest condition of shade 

 and protection which resulted in good to the trees, and by keeping a clear 

 opening around them prevented them from any smothering out, as will 

 occur where the weeds and other growths are permitted to grow up close 

 around them. The young trees in such fields are larger and have better 



