38 



be induced to continue tlieir liigber education only by fellowships sufficient 

 to pay tbeir living expenses; if such aids were discontinued the numbers 

 of our graduate students would be even less favorably impressive than at 

 present, though in time the larger investment of those remaining would re- 

 sult in the larger salaries that would have to be paid to the men more 

 difficult to find. 



The keener competition in all walks of life in Europe has some advan- 

 tages — only the thoroughly trained can hope for success, hence the desire 

 for the most complete preparation. We consider ourselves fortunate in 

 being protected against foreign competition, and in being able in conse- 

 quence to make an equally good living with less effort; but are we really 

 to be congratulated on our lower intellectual standard of living and on 

 our dependence upon imported thought and intellectual products? 



Another result of the limited scale on which scientific investigation is 

 being conducted, and our '•high standard of living," is that it is not worth 

 while for home manufacturers to supplj' refined or unusual scientific ma- 

 terial ; if an American investigator needs, for instance, a special chemical. 

 he must wait two or three months for its impoi tatimi, while his European 

 colleague could obtain the same in as many days or even hours, oi", if 

 manufactured here, two or three times the foreign price must be paid. The 

 American artisan is more highly.- paid than lus European brother, but not 

 so the more eminent iiifellectual worker. 



Naturally the realization of the value of intellectual things is found 

 first among those engaged in the work of education, and our larger and 

 better endowed colleges have within the last half century shown their 

 appreciation of productive scholarship and have developed graduate schools 

 to compare more favorably with the European universities, so that it is 

 no longer necessary fur our students to go abroad for the inspiration of 

 working with men who are extending- the boundaries of human knowledge. 

 Once started, the fascination of research insures its continuance as long as 

 a favorable environment exists. 



The institutions that have bi"en able by their large means to adequately 

 maintain graduate dejiartments have been so amply rewarded by their 

 enhanced prestige, that many othei-s, without sufficient means, have at- 

 tempted to do the same thing; the result has been impaired undergraduate 

 instruction with a mnre or less successful imitation of graduate w^ork. 



A graduate school should recognize as its most important possession 

 the productive scholarship of its faculty, making the institution a center 



