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land in the country. The non-swamp eastern part of the reserA'atiou is 

 composed of rock-ridges tianlved witli lower land. These lower stretches 

 are clay flats covered with black loam. On them grow birch and poplar 

 forests ; and when cleared tli-ey will make fine farms of the dairy type. 

 Roots and grass do well on snch lands. The ridge lands are the pine lands 

 and will not be of much value, except for building sites and orchard loca- 

 tions. 



The western part of the reservation that is not covered with "mus- 

 keg" swamp is a sand region. On it grew nuicli pine in the old times ; 

 but when cleared it will be practically worthless, as is some pine lauds 

 east of the south lobe of the lake. 



The region about Little Fork River is in the southwestern part of the 

 reservation. It will make good farm land when cleared. Some open areas 

 are fine meadows now. 



The surface material, except that on the ridges, was left on the re- 

 treat of the glaciers. Its depth varies from nothing on the ridges to 200 

 feet in the pre-glacial intervalley spaces. The irregular, dumping of this 

 material and the partial filling of ancient valleys has produced the lakes 

 of the country. In composition, this material varies very much. In the 

 eastern part of the reservation it is composed principally of ground mo- 

 raine material — a blue clay filled with boulders. Some of these are found 

 to be of local origin ; others to have been transported from a region far to 

 the north. At other places on the reservation, the formation appears to 

 be practically pure sand. On the rock ridges the glacial debris is entirely 

 wanting, but instead the exposed rocks shoAA- the glacial scratchings. 



The climate is very changeable in this part, ranging from 102 degrees 

 above zero in sunamer to 60 degrees below in winter. The average summer 

 is too cool for corn, and wheat has never been tried. Oats does fairly 

 well. 



The Iridians have been allotted nearly twenty years; yet not one of 

 them has ever ]nade any effort to im])rove his allotment. As yet there is 

 little inducement for them to improve them. There is no market where 

 they could sell their produce. Furthermore it would cost $100 per acre 

 to clear tlie land, which is rather a big luidei'taking for a poverty-stricken 

 Indian. In addition, there is rice growing in the lake and plenty of game 

 in the woods and water fowl among the rice in the lake. Why shoujd 1}p 

 hiljor to clea;' his laiid"/ 



