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to the Ohio and thence down the Ohio ; second, northwavd, along the axis 

 of the Scioto basin to Lake Erie ; third, nortliwestward across western Ohio, 

 along one of the several deep valleys brought to light in that region by the 

 oil and gas wells, eventually to the low tract on the lower course of the 

 Wabash or the basin of Lake Michigan ; fourth, northeastward past the 

 Licking reservoir and an old valley east of Newark to the Muskingum at 

 Dresden, and thence northward along or near the present valley of the 

 Muskingum, Tuscarawas, and Cuyahoga to the basin of Lake Erie at Cleve- 

 land." (65: 102-4.) Leverett later found an oxbow channel at Lucasville, 

 which seemed to testify strongly against a southern discharge, and a divide 

 now crossed by the Tuscarawas between Zoar and Canal Dover, which ren- 

 ders a northeast discharge impossible. It seems worth while to quote Lev- 

 erett concerning the difficulties of the other two routes : "The northward 

 route along the axis of the Scioto basin encounters a general rise in the 

 bordering plain of about 200 feet in the 100 miles between the south end 

 of the basin, near Chillicothe, and the continental divide near Marion, north 

 of which there is an even greater descent to the Xfiike Erie basin. If the 

 course of drainage was northward across the divide, and if the divide has 

 not Suffered recent uplift, there must have been channeling in it to a depth 

 of about 300 feet. That an axis of uplift exists in this part of the conti- 

 nental divide is shown by the arching of the rock formations over it ; but 

 its extent and its date are not yet determined. 



"The northwestward route leads across the limestone belt on the west 

 side of the Scioto basin, whose general level is about 200 feet above the 

 continental divide at the north end of the basin and 500 feet above the gra- 

 dation plain near Chillicothe. To pass through that region the channeling 

 would be so much greater than is required for a northward course along 

 the axis of the basin, that one can scarcely resist ruling out the northwest- 

 ward course. Yet from what is found on the lower Ohio, where the stream 

 passes directly across the low Devonian shale area into the knobstone and 

 sandstone formations that now stand much higher, such a ruling may be 

 unwarranted. The presence of the low basin occupied by Lake Erie offers 

 an additional argument in favor of the northward route. This basin would 

 be reached by that route in less than half the distance required to reach 

 a similar low track in the Wabash region, or the Lake Michigan basin by 

 the northwestward route. Each of these routes falls within regions so 

 heavily covered with glacial deposits that the course of the channels can be 



