398 



sides from three directions, viz., south, west and north. The valley to the 

 north empties into Griffey Creek, a part of the drainage system of the 

 West Fork of White River. The valleys to the west and south empty into 

 Clear Creek, a part of the drainage system of the East Fork of White 

 River. 



No similar pond is nearer than two miles. The nearest perennial water 

 is in springs .33, .56 and .66 miles distant, and 100. 146 and 165 feet re- 

 spectively below the level of the pond. The accompanying profiles indi- 

 cate these slopes graphically. Fig. II. These statements indicate the isola- 

 tion of the pond. 



.06 mi. .12 .18 .24 .30 .36 .42 .48 .54 60. 



940 



V- 





















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~"^'^^^^^^^;:rr^^^^::r^ 

























---____ 



















— — 



^~~~-— ^ 



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~~~~-~ 





■ ~j 



. ^ 

















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920 

 600 

 800 

 S60 



840 100 

 820 



800 140 

 780 



760 



Pig. 2. Profiles of valleys leading av.ay from hill on which pond is located, from 

 pond to closest permanent v.-ater in each valley. 



165 



The pond is formed by solution in the Mitchell limestone which caps 

 the hill to a depth of 50 feet and overlies the Bedford limestone, both 

 being formations in the Mississippian series. The details of the formation 

 of this pond are not different from those of any other of this region, conse- 

 quently a general discussion will probably be more enlightening. 



The development of sinkholes is coincident with that of subterranean 

 drainage systems. Both depend upon two conditions : First, the presence 

 of soluble rock, usually limestone; second, the movement of the solvent 

 (meteoric water, containing as it always does, carbonic acid), through the 

 rock. 



In order to have a movement of meteoric water through the rock, it is 

 necessary to have an outlet below the general level of the country. This is 

 secured by the invasion of surface drainage. A study of the topography 

 of a limestone region shows that in general the sinkholes are formed on 

 the periphery of the valleys. 



