426 



of 55 indies. This tree is everywhere free from disease. The Btand of 

 timber of this species is estimated to be more than 15,000,000 .M. feel B. M. 

 Description : Tree large; in youl h. spruce-like and pyrimidal, more spread- 

 ing in old age; leaves somewhat two-ranked by a twist at base. 



Genus Tsuga. 



T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. : Western Hemlock. This tree is found 

 throughout the region. 



Description: This is a lowland tree, with cones 1 to 2 cm. long. 



T. mertensiana (Bong.) Carr: Black Hemlock; Merten's Hemlock. This 

 tree is found almost everywhere in the forest from the shore line up to 4,500 

 feet elevation. With the Western Hemlock above, it is by far the most 

 abundant tree in the region, being found in every part of it to timber line. 

 It is not so large a tree as the other merchantable trees, either in height or 

 diameter, the amount of clear trunk is also less. In the high mountain 

 regions the tree is greatly affected by disease, but as the shore line is ap- 

 proached the percentage of diseased trees diminish to the minimum. This 

 tree with the Western Hemlock estimate 26,000,000 M. feet B. M. 



Description: Characteristically, this tree differs from the Western 

 Hemlock above in its having appreciably longer cones. 10 



Genus Picea. 



Picea silchensis (Bong.) Traut: Sitka Spruce. This species is found only 

 in the neighborhood of the coast, seldom ever found thirty miles inland. 

 It is densest a little way back from the coast, the immediate coast seeming to 

 be too damp for its best development. The tree averages 225 feet in height, 

 81 feet of which is often clear of limbs. Its diameter exceeds 5 feet on the 

 average. This tree seems to be less affected by disease than any other 

 merchantable tree in the region. It aggregates over 4,000,000 M. feet B. M. 

 in merchantable timber. 



Description: Trees tall, pyrimidal, with soft, white, tough timber; leaves 

 flattened, somewhat two-ranked, and spirally arranged around the branch- 

 lets. 



P. engelmanni Parry: Engelmann Spruce. This spruce is only scattered 



10 The Indians use the bark of this tree in tanning hides. Hemlock bark tea is also 

 used as an emetic. 



