Haigh — Earliest Inscribed Monuments. 451 



If the monument at Towyn, Merionethshire, belongs to either, it 

 will probably be to the son of Vortigern, on account of the form of the 

 characters. 



The name of another son of Vortigern, Catigern, killed at the 

 battle of Episford, a. d. 435, occurs in the remarkable inscription at 

 Margam, Glamorganshire, which presents the following genealogy : — 



Yedomal, Eternal, , Catotigirn, Boduoc, 



to be compared with — 



Gaiitaid, Gfuortheneu, Guorthegern, Catigirn. 



"Why is the grandfather of Boduoc not named, why does the gene- 

 alogy pass from his father Catotigirn to his great grandfather Eternal ? 

 I think on account of the disgrace which any mention of the name of 

 Vortigern would entail. The name Eternal does not agree with 

 Gruortheneu ; but here the genealogist seems to have made a slip, and 

 substituted Guortheneu, a frequent epithet of Vortigern, and mean- 

 ing "perverse of mouth," for the name of his father. Vedomal 

 answers very well to Guitaul. 8 



The monument at Cwm Gloyn, from Severn, combines two names 

 of historic interest, that of the deceased, Vitaliani, and that of the 

 raiser, Emereto(s). Eor ajx(Sporo<; and afjLfipocrios are strictly equiva- 

 lent, the latter merely a poetic form of the former ; and as the latter 

 became in Welsh Embreis Emrys Emris, so might Emeretos represent 

 the former. I should not have thought of this equivalence, but for 

 the following passage in Xennius' Chronological notes at the end of 

 the "Hist. Brit." :— 



"A regno Guorthigerni usque ad discordiam Guitolini et Ambrosii 

 anni sunt xii quod est Guoloppum id est Cat Guoloph. Guorthigernus, 

 autem tenuit imperium in Britannia Theodosio et Valentiniano con- 

 sulibus." 



The date is distinctly marked a. d. 487, but we have no further 

 information as to the circumstances of this affair. Guitolini is a loose 

 rendering of Vitaliani, but has a parallel in the same history, in the 

 variations, Guitolin Guitolion. 



As far as internal evidence allows me to judge, I should regard the 

 Clydai monument as one of the latest of the Ogham inscribed monu- 

 ments of Wales ; but if my identification of this last be correct, this 

 will be about seventy years later still. Then we have a series of mo- 

 numents, inscribed with Oghams alone, or with Oghams first and then 

 with Latin characters, wbich undoubtedly belong to the Irish, rather 

 than to the Welsh family of the Celtic race, and these seem to be ge- 

 nerally anterior to the middle of the fourth century. This is in per- 



s See note (h) added in press. 



8ER, It., VOL. 1., VOL. LIT. AND ANTIQ. 3 / 



