284 Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin 



are wintergreen {Gaidtheria procumbens) , partridge berry {Mitch- 

 ella repens), hay-scented fern {PJicksonia punctilobula) , lady fern 

 {Asplenium Filix-femina), white clintonia {Clintonia umbellulata), 

 dalibarda {Dalibarda repens), crested shield fern {Aspidium cris- 

 tatum), wild lily of the valley {Maianthemiim canadense) , jack-in- 

 the-pulpit {Arisaema triphyllum) , christmas fern {Aspidium acro- 

 stichoides), blue-stemmed goldenrod (Solidago caesia), round- 

 leaved yellow violet ( Viola rotundifolia) , trillium — three species 

 of which, the red {Trillium erectum), white {T. grandiflorum) , 

 and painted (T. undulatum) , are reported blooming in spring but 

 are not easily distinguished in summer by the leaves, — mandrake 

 {Podophyllum peltatum), downy yellow violet {Viola pubescens) , 

 maidenhair fern {Adianhmi pedatum), club mosses {Lycopodium 

 complanatum, L. obscurum, L. clavatum and L. lucidulwm), pdy- 

 pody {Polypodium vulgare), evergreen wood fern {Aspidium 

 marginale) , white wood aster {Aster divaricatus) , rattlesnake fern 

 {Botrychium virginianum) , star flower {Trientalis americana), 

 indian cucumber-root {Medeola virginiana), bellwort {Uvularia 

 perfoliata), false solomon's seal {Smilacina racemosa) , wild ginger 

 {Asarum canadense) and indian pipe {Monotropa uniflora). 



Plants occurring only in maple and beech forest are the barren 

 strawberry {Waldsteinia fragarioides) , goldthread {Coptis trifolia), 

 Canada violet {Viola canadensis), wood sorrel {Oxalis acetosella), 

 wood reed {Cinna arundinacca), mountain aster {Aster acumin- 

 atus), long beech fern {Phegopteris polypodioides), silvery spleen- 

 wort {Asplcnium acrostichoides) and showy orchis {Orchis 

 spectabilis) . 



Plants occurring only in chestnut and oak forest seem more 

 numerous. These are brake {Pteris aqidlina), oat grass {Dan- 

 thonia spicata), dogbane {Apocynum androsaemi folium), tick 

 trefoil {Desmodium) of several species, fireweed {Epilobium 

 angustif olium) , false foxgloves {Gerardia fiava and G. laevigata), 

 fringed loosestrife {Steironema ciliatum), wood betony {Pedi- 

 cularis canadensis), arbutus {Epigaea repens), pyrola {Pyrola 

 elliptica), four-leaved loosestrife {Lysimachia quadrif olia) , pearly 

 everlasting {Anaphalis margaritacea), bottlebrush grass {Hystrix 

 patnla), pipsissewa {Chimaphila umbellata), pink and yellow lady 

 slippers {Cypripedium acule and C. pubescens) and red wood lily 

 {Lilium philadelphicum) . 



In late summer, among the plants of the forest floor are numer- 

 ous fungi, growing either from old logs and stumps or on the 

 ground itself. These fungi may have some indirect relation to bird 

 life in that some of the numerous insects that feed upon them may 

 be food for birds. Their varied forms and colorings make them 

 an attractive part of the forest life. Many are good edible species, 

 and will furnish the camper who dares to gain a knowledge of them 

 and use it, with many good meals. On old logs and stumps, such 

 genera as Fomes, Polyporus, Fistulina, Daedalca, Pleurotus and 

 Plutens are represented. On the ground grow not only the poison- 



