2Q4 Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin 



pitch. One might write the Olive-back song " oolalolaylallayleeyi," 

 the broader vowel sounds denoting lower pitch. The notes of the 

 Olive-back song are all nearly equal in time, and connected with 

 the other notes without a pause. These points will always distin- 

 guish it from the Hermit, whose song is more variable than that 

 of the Olive-back. 



The nest of the Olive-backed Thrush is placed in a low bush or 

 small tree, from three to fifteen feet from the ground. It is made 

 of sticks, bark, grasses and roots. The eggs are greenish blue like 

 those of other thrushes ; but unlike them are spotted with reddish 

 brown. 



Birds of the Forest Trees. The sizable trees constitute the 

 bulk of the forest and are the habitation of many birds. Some 

 species are characteristically birds of the trunks and larger limbs, 

 while others live among the branches and foliage. 



The trees growing in the maple-beech forest are sugar maple 

 {Acer saccharum) , beech {Fagus grandifolia), hemlock {Tsuga 

 canadensis), black birch [Betxda lento), yellow birch {B. lutea), 

 white ash {Fraxinus americana), pin cherry (Prunus Pennsyl- 

 vania), basswood {Tilia americana) , butternut {Juglans cinerea), 

 black cherry {Prunus serotina), red oak {Quercus rubra) and 

 shag-bark {Hicoria ovata). Those constituting the oak-chestnut 

 forest are chestnut {Castanea dentata) — which in this region is 

 still only slightly attacked by the deadly blight, white oak {Quercus 

 alba), red oak {Quercus rubra), pignut {Hicoria glabra), butter- 

 nut {Juglans cinerea), common and large-toothed aspens {Pop- 

 ulus tremuloides and P. grandidentata), shag-bark {Hicoria ovata), 

 basswood {Tilia americana), white pine {Pinus Strobus), cucum- 

 ber tree {Magnolia acuminata), bitternut {Hicoria minima), and 

 mockernut {H. alba), chestnut oak {Quercus prinus), tulip tree 

 {Liriodendron tulipifera) and black oak {Quercus velutina). 



The only conifers of the forest are the hemlock and white pine. 

 Conifers are especially attractive to some birds. In the maple- 

 beech forest one will find the Black-throated Green, Magnolia and 

 Blackburnian Warblers more frequently in or near hemlock trees 

 (figure 85). White pine is not abundant in the Park, but in a few 

 places it grows in small groups, making a forest type by itself, though 

 of very small area. Crows and Blue Jays seem to like these clumps 

 of pine. One or two Crows' nests are likely to be found in such 

 clumps. The only Pine Warbler noted in the Park was in such a 

 pine grove. This bird is probably not to be found during the nest- 

 ing season except where pine occurs. 



Species often found in the forest, but not listed under this head- 

 ing are Mourning Dove, Screech Owl, the Cuckoos, Downy Wood- 

 pecker, Flicker, Chimney Swift (flying above), Ruby-throated 

 Hummingbird, Least Flycatcher, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Chestnut- 

 sided Warbler, Mourning Warbler, Redstart, Veery and Robin. 



1. Birds of Trunks and Limbs. Under this heading come the 

 birds that live mainly about trunks of trees, getting their food largely 



